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尝试使用pybind11做python的绑定，按照文档操作无果
Xmake 版本
v2.6.3+202201242206
操作系统版本和架构
macOS Catalina 10.15.7 (19H15)
描述问题
根据文档尝试使用pybind11
add_rules("mode.release", "mode.debug")
add_requires("pybind11")
target("example")
add_rules("python.library")
add_files("src/*.cpp")
add_packages("pybind11")
set_languages("c++11")
执行 xmake -vD
[ 25%]: compiling.release src/example.cpp
"/usr/bin/xcrun -sdk macosx clang" -c -Qunused-arguments -arch x86_64 -mmacosx-version-min=10.15 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.1.sdk -fPIC -O3 -std=c++11 -isystem /Users/kaivnd/.xmake/packages/p/pybind11/v2.9.1/a430ad80c311429aaa6c9bb9e36186a5/include -isystem /Users/kaivnd/.xmake/packages/p/python/3.9.10/a1d024625fd7429983211332bf61ed18/include/python3.9 -isystem /Users/kaivnd/.xmake/packages/o/openssl/1.1.1m/e2d70e9cf7bc4473bf897ffef4cbf761/include -DNDEBUG -o build/.objs/example/macosx/x86_64/release/src/example.cpp.o src/example.cpp
[ 50%]: linking.release _example.dylib
"/usr/bin/xcrun -sdk macosx clang++" -o build/macosx/x86_64/release/_example.dylib build/.objs/example/macosx/x86_64/release/src/example.cpp.o -shared -fPIC -arch x86_64 -mmacosx-version-min=10.15 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.1.sdk -stdlib=libc++ -L/Users/kaivnd/.xmake/packages/p/python/3.9.10/a1d024625fd7429983211332bf61ed18/lib -L/Users/kaivnd/.xmake/packages/o/openssl/1.1.1m/e2d70e9cf7bc4473bf897ffef4cbf761/lib -Wl,-x -lpython3.9 -lssl -lcrypto -lz -install_name @rpath/_example.dylib
[100%]: build ok!
得到的结果是一个dylib，尝试使用python导入这个模块
Python 3.9.7 (default, Sep 16 2021, 08:50:36)
[Clang 10.0.0 ] :: Anaconda, Inc. on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import _example
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_example'
查阅pybind11文档得知此命令行
c++ -O3 -Wall -shared -std=c++17 -fPIC -undefined dynamic_lookup $(python3 -m pybind11 --includes) example.cpp -o example$(python3-config --extension-suffix)
得到文件example.cpython-39-darwin.so，故猜测是后缀名的问题，随后将_example.dylib重命名为_example.cpython-39-darwin.so，再次尝试得到如下错误
Python 3.9.7 (default, Sep 16 2021, 08:50:36)
[Clang 10.0.0 ] :: Anaconda, Inc. on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import _example
zsh: segmentation fault python3
然后我就不知道怎么整了，麻烦大神帮忙看一下！万分感谢
期待的结果
希望可以通过xmake使用pybind11进行C++到python的绑定可以正常跨平台使用
工程配置
-- xmake.lua
add_rules("mode.release", "mode.debug")
add_requires("pybind11")
target("example")
add_rules("python.library")
add_files("src/*.cpp")
add_packages("pybind11")
set_languages("c++11")
// example.cpp
#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
namespace py = pybind11;
int add(int i, int j) {
return i + j;
}
PYBIND11_MODULE(_example, m) {
m.doc() = "pybind11 example plugin"; // optional module docstring
m.def("add", &add, "A function which adds two numbers");
}
附加信息和错误日志
[ 25%]: compiling.release src/example.cpp
"/usr/bin/xcrun -sdk macosx clang" -c -Qunused-arguments -arch x86_64 -mmacosx-version-min=10.15 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.1.sdk -fPIC -O3 -std=c++11 -isystem /Users/kaivnd/.xmake/packages/p/pybind11/v2.9.1/a430ad80c311429aaa6c9bb9e36186a5/include -isystem /Users/kaivnd/.xmake/packages/p/python/3.9.10/a1d024625fd7429983211332bf61ed18/include/python3.9 -isystem /Users/kaivnd/.xmake/packages/o/openssl/1.1.1m/e2d70e9cf7bc4473bf897ffef4cbf761/include -DNDEBUG -o build/.objs/example/macosx/x86_64/release/src/example.cpp.o src/example.cpp
[ 50%]: linking.release _example.dylib
"/usr/bin/xcrun -sdk macosx clang++" -o build/macosx/x86_64/release/_example.dylib build/.objs/example/macosx/x86_64/release/src/example.cpp.o -shared -fPIC -arch x86_64 -mmacosx-version-min=10.15 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.1.sdk -stdlib=libc++ -L/Users/kaivnd/.xmake/packages/p/python/3.9.10/a1d024625fd7429983211332bf61ed18/lib -L/Users/kaivnd/.xmake/packages/o/openssl/1.1.1m/e2d70e9cf7bc4473bf897ffef4cbf761/lib -Wl,-x -lpython3.9 -lssl -lcrypto -lz -install_name @rpath/_example.dylib
[100%]: build ok!
是的呢，也不行
Python 3.8.2 (default, Dec 21 2020, 15:06:04)
[Clang 12.0.0 (clang-1200.0.32.29)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import _example
zsh: segmentation fault python3
虽然后缀名从dylib变成so了，同样的表现，而且还有另一个问题，with soabi 没有使用conda里的py39，而使用了系统的py38，也挺迷
import _example
看了下，pybind 模块前缀应该是 example.xxx.so 没有下划线，否则 module 导入后报 PyInit__example not found， 我刚改进了下，应该可以了
zsh: segmentation fault python3
测试了下，linux 下加载ok，只有 macos 下加载会有这个问题，不过我这系统环境 gdb/lldb 坏了，暂时没环境调试，你可以自己用 gdb/lldb 加载下 看下哪里崩溃，贴过来
with soabi 没有使用conda里的py39，而使用了系统的py38
项目编译，用的 xmake-repo 里面的 python 库，所以建议保持一致，用 xmake-repo 里面的 python 来加载
$ xrepo env -b python shell
> cd build/macosx/x86_64/release/
> python
Python 3.9.10 (main, Mar 20 2022, 20:41:15)
[Clang 12.0.5 (clang-1205.0.22.11)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import example
@waruqi lldb没太用明白，不过在一顿折腾之后，系统弹出个窗口，显示一些错误信息，不知道有没有用，如下
Process: Python [1372]
Path: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python
Identifier: Python
Version: 3.8.2 (3.8.2)
Build Info: python3-73040006000000~129
Code Type: X86-64 (Native)
Parent Process: zsh [716]
Responsible: Terminal [713]
User ID: 501
Date/Time: 2022-03-22 23:21:38.606 +0800
OS Version: Mac OS X 10.15.7 (19H15)
Report Version: 12
Anonymous UUID: FE50A71E-8AB6-3656-1780-CBDCBAC2DE6B
Time Awake Since Boot: 590 seconds
System Integrity Protection: enabled
Crashed Thread: 0 Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread
Exception Type: EXC_BAD_ACCESS (SIGSEGV)
Exception Codes: KERN_INVALID_ADDRESS at 0x0000000000000010
Exception Note: EXC_CORPSE_NOTIFY
Termination Signal: Segmentation fault: 11
Termination Reason: Namespace SIGNAL, Code 0xb
Terminating Process: exc handler [1372]
VM Regions Near 0x10:
-->
__TEXT 0000000106273000-0000000106277000 [ 16K] r-x/r-x SM=COW /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Library/Frameworks/Python3.framework/Versions/3.8/Resources/Python.app/Contents/MacOS/Python
Thread 0 Crashed:: Dispatch queue: com.apple.main-thread
0 _example.cpython-38-darwin.so 0x00000001068debc3 0x1067a5000 + 1285059
1 _example.cpython-38-darwin.so 0x00000001068df3c3 PyEval_RestoreThread + 19 (ceval.c:469)
2 _example.cpython-38-darwin.so 0x000000010692d108 PyGILState_Ensure + 104
3 _example.cpython-38-darwin.so 0x00000001067a94fc 0x1067a5000 + 17660
4 _example.cpython-38-darwin.so 0x00000001067a92fc PyInit__example + 140
5 com.apple.python3 0x00000001063b3db5 _PyImport_LoadDynamicModuleWithSpec + 613
6 com.apple.python3 0x00000001063b3660 _imp_create_dynamic + 336
7 com.apple.python3 0x00000001062e59b1 cfunction_vectorcall_FASTCALL + 177
8 com.apple.python3 0x00000001062a7124 PyVectorcall_Call + 100
9 com.apple.python3 0x0000000106383bf7 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 31095
10 com.apple.python3 0x0000000106388097 _PyEval_EvalCodeWithName + 3287
11 com.apple.python3 0x00000001062a790d _PyFunction_Vectorcall + 253
12 com.apple.python3 0x0000000106387012 call_function + 354
13 com.apple.python3 0x00000001063836d6 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 29782
14 com.apple.python3 0x00000001062a778d function_code_fastcall + 237
15 com.apple.python3 0x0000000106387012 call_function + 354
16 com.apple.python3 0x00000001063836b9 _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 29753
17 com.apple.python3 0x00000001062a778d function_code_fastcall + 237
18 com.apple.python3 0x0000000106387012 call_function + 354
19 com.apple.python3 0x000000010638378a _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 29962
20 com.apple.python3 0x00000001062a778d function_code_fastcall + 237
21 com.apple.python3 0x0000000106387012 call_function + 354
22 com.apple.python3 0x000000010638378a _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 29962
23 com.apple.python3 0x00000001062a778d function_code_fastcall + 237
24 com.apple.python3 0x0000000106387012 call_function + 354
25 com.apple.python3 0x000000010638378a _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 29962
26 com.apple.python3 0x00000001062a778d function_code_fastcall + 237
27 com.apple.python3 0x00000001062a91bb object_vacall + 459
28 com.apple.python3 0x00000001062a93f3 _PyObject_CallMethodIdObjArgs + 227
29 com.apple.python3 0x00000001063b2548 PyImport_ImportModuleLevelObject + 1800
30 com.apple.python3 0x0000000106381d2d _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault + 23213
31 com.apple.python3 0x0000000106388097 _PyEval_EvalCodeWithName + 3287
32 com.apple.python3 0x000000010637c1e0 PyEval_EvalCode + 48
33 com.apple.python3 0x00000001063cd933 PyRun_FileExFlags + 291
34 com.apple.python3 0x00000001063ccd9f PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags + 271
35 com.apple.python3 0x00000001063ec267 Py_RunMain + 2103
36 com.apple.python3 0x00000001063ec793 pymain_main + 403
37 com.apple.python3 0x00000001063ec7eb Py_BytesMain + 43
38 libdyld.dylib 0x00007fff6b0eccc9 start + 1
Thread 0 crashed with X86 Thread State (64-bit):
rax: 0x0000000000000000 rbx: 0x0000000106cc5dc0 rcx: 0x0000000000000000 rdx: 0x0000000000000003
rdi: 0x0000000106cc5dc0 rsi: 0x0000000106a0b386 rbp: 0x00007ffee998ad50 rsp: 0x00007ffee998acf0
r8: 0x0000000000000039 r9: 0x00007ffee998adc0 r10: 0x0000000106a25ddd r11: 0x0000000106a25df0
r12: 0x000000010676cd70 r13: 0x000000010674d8b0 r14: 0x000000010674d620 r15: 0x000000010674d600
rip: 0x00000001068debc3 rfl: 0x0000000000010246 cr2: 0x0000000000000010
Logical CPU: 0
Error Code: 0x00000004 (no mapping for user data read)
Trap Number: 14
Binary Images:
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0x1067a5000 - 0x106a38fff +_example.cpython-38-darwin.so (0) <9CED0B51-52E7-3039-92F1-7025328569A9> /Users/USER/*/_example.cpython-38-darwin.so
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External Modification Summary:
Calls made by other processes targeting this process:
task_for_pid: 0
thread_create: 0
thread_set_state: 0
Calls made by this process:
task_for_pid: 0
thread_create: 0
thread_set_state: 0
Calls made by all processes on this machine:
task_for_pid: 6246
thread_create: 0
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=========== ======= =======
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=========== ======= =======
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看栈是 崩在 python 里面了，感觉跟 xmake 关系不大，要么是 pybind11 问题，要么是 python 的问题，你可以到 pybind11 issues 上去问问。。
或者你可以用 cmake 啥的其他构建工具去构建一个模块，导入下试试，看看是否也会崩，如果 ok，可以对比下 两边的 flags 差异。
我看 pybind11 issues 也有人反馈类似的问题
https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/3054 https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/2558
@waruqi 但是使用c++ -O3 -Wall -shared -std=c++17 -fPIC -undefined dynamic_lookup $(python3 -m pybind11 --includes) example.cpp -o example$(python3-config --extension-suffix) 指令能行
@waruqi 但是使用
c++ -O3 -Wall -shared -std=c++17 -fPIC -undefined dynamic_lookup $(python3 -m pybind11 --includes) example.cpp -o example$(python3-config --extension-suffix)指令能行
对比一下，只有-undefined dynamic_lookup缺了，你试试手动添加这个flag，add_cxxflags("-undefined dynamic_lookup", {force=true})编译试试
@waruqi 但是使用
c++ -O3 -Wall -shared -std=c++17 -fPIC -undefined dynamic_lookup $(python3 -m pybind11 --includes) example.cpp -o example$(python3-config --extension-suffix)指令能行
既然这个可以，那就跟 xmake -vD 做下对比，复制里面的命令，挨个测试下，哪个 flags 有差异
还是不行，🤦♂️
我看你之前测试用的python版本都不一样，一下3.9.7一下3.8.2的，能不能用xmake安装的python 3.9.10试试？运行xrepo env -b python3 shell就可以激活虚拟环境，在虚拟环境里面运行python3
@waruqi 这是日志
checkinfo: cannot runv(ccache --version), No such file or directory
checking for ccache ... no
[ 25%]: compiling.release src/example.cpp
"/usr/bin/xcrun -sdk macosx clang" -c -Qunused-arguments -arch x86_64 -mmacosx-version-min=10.15 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.1.sdk -fPIC -O3 -std=c++11 -isystem /Users/kaivnd/.xmake/packages/p/pybind11/v2.9.1/a430ad80c311429aaa6c9bb9e36186a5/include -isystem /Users/kaivnd/.xmake/packages/p/python/3.9.10/a1d024625fd7429983211332bf61ed18/include/python3.9 -isystem /Users/kaivnd/.xmake/packages/o/openssl/1.1.1m/e2d70e9cf7bc4473bf897ffef4cbf761/include -undefined dynamic_lookup -DNDEBUG -o build/.objs/example/macosx/x86_64/release/src/example.cpp.o src/example.cpp
checking for flags (-MMD -MF) ... ok
> xcrun -sdk macosx clang "-MMD" "-MF" "/dev/null"
checking for flags (-fdiagnostics-color=always) ... ok
> xcrun -sdk macosx clang "-fdiagnostics-color=always"
[ 50%]: linking.release _example.cpython-38-darwin.so
"/usr/bin/xcrun -sdk macosx clang++" -o build/macosx/x86_64/release/_example.cpython-38-darwin.so build/.objs/example/macosx/x86_64/release/src/example.cpp.o -shared -fPIC -arch x86_64 -mmacosx-version-min=10.15 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX11.1.sdk -stdlib=libc++ -L/Users/kaivnd/.xmake/packages/p/python/3.9.10/a1d024625fd7429983211332bf61ed18/lib -L/Users/kaivnd/.xmake/packages/o/openssl/1.1.1m/e2d70e9cf7bc4473bf897ffef4cbf761/lib -Wl,-x -lpython3.9 -lssl -lcrypto -lz -install_name @rpath/_example.cpython-38-darwin.so
[100%]: build ok!
@xq114 不对，build之后得到的后缀是py38的
在虚拟环境里面xmake clean --all 重新build也是py38吗？那样就是find_python的查找有问题了
https://pybind11.readthedocs.io/en/latest/basics.html#creating-bindings-for-a-simple-function
这里的example没有下划线，我试了下windows上原始版本的代码是ok的
抱歉过了那么长时间才跟进，前一段时间比较忙，昨天把Mac升级到 12.5 (21G72)最新版了，这个版本的内置python被去掉了，干净的系统，用conda做虚拟环境，又做了一次实验，问题依然存在。
https://github.com/pybind/pybind11/issues/3907
这里说要加-undefined dynamic_lookup （编译跟链接都要加），而且不能直接链接到python的库
pybind/pybind11#3907 这里说要加-undefined dynamic_lookup （编译跟链接都要加），而且不能直接链接到python的库
确实是这个问题，但跟编译无关，是链接的问题，链接时候加上 -undefined dynamic_lookup ，然后还得去掉 -lpython3.9 的链接
之前 -undefined dynamic_lookup 试过，但是之前没去掉 python 的 links ，所以一直不行。。
我刚改了下，应该可以了，这边测试修复了。。xmake update dev