chore: improve Docker build processes

[getlarge]

• [x] make verification simpler => yarn affected -t lint,test,build --parallel=2 --exclude=workspace --ci --verbose
• [x] Run selective build in Docker job in CD workflow (rely on Nx Replay instead of GH artifacts)
• [ ] Consider replacing the custom docker build script by @nx-tools/nx-container -> see this project configuration for a reference