Dan Parizher

*Description of changes:* - Refactoring across the project for clarity and concision. - Added return types to many functions. Please see my comments in the "Major Refactoring" commit for more...

Applying Black formatting and isort to match the rest of the project. Also optimized/refactored some of the functions, removed redundancies, and added missing typing.

New Rule ST11: Detect unused tables in join

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@alanmcruickshank edits: Based on the original bones of this PR by @danparizher, I've fleshed out the logic so that it's a working rule. Fixes #5251. NOTE: I've decided not to...