Oliver Layer

**Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.** When non-isolation execution is needed (e.g. because isolation does not work for a certain binary), then the configuration file of...

GH-40557: [C++] Use `PutObject` request for S3 in OutputStream when only uploading small data

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### Rationale for this change See #40557. The previous implementation would always issue multi part uploads which come with 3x RTT to S3 instead of just 1x RTT with a...

GH-43097: [C++] Implement `PathFromUri` support for Azure file system

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### Rationale for this change See #43097. ### What changes are included in this PR? Implements `AzureFS::PathFromUri` using existing URI parsing and path extraction inside the `AzureOptions`. ### Are these...

### Describe the enhancement requested Other filesystems, such as e.g. S3, implement the virtual `PathFromUri` method. For the respective S3 implementation, see [here](https://github.com/apache/arrow/blob/edfa343eeca008513f0300924380e1b187cc976b/cpp/src/arrow/filesystem/s3fs.cc#L2814). For the Azure file system, this method...

GH-40036: [C++] Azure file system write buffering & async writes

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### Rationale for this change See #40036. ### What changes are included in this PR? Write buffering and async writes (similar to what the S3 file system does) in the...

[Enhancement] Use more sophisticated statistics to infer skew for `GroupByCountDistinctDataSkewEliminateRule`

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## Why I'm doing: Given a query like ```sql select `TABLE`.`GROUP`, count(distinct `TABLE`.`DISTINCT`) as cnt from `TABLE` group by `TABLE`.`GROUP` ``` where `GROUP` may be skewed heavily, the actual aggregation...