Allow specifying the alignment of extern structs

[wooster0]

This is a follow-up to #10113: https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/10113#issuecomment-1241789307 We need an addition to the language that allows us to specify the alignment of extern structs. The UEFI libs are particularly broken because since #10113 any packed struct with an array or any extern struct in it isn't a valid packed type. In order to make std.os.uefi work with self-hosted, #12899 was an effort to make it easier to add align(1) to every field of a struct. The problem is that it might not work that well considering that structs with decls can't be reified because of #6709. But instead of allowing #6709 (which might be a bad idea) and then using CPacked, it's probably best to allow specifying the alignment of extern structs at the language level.

A good syntax for this would be extern struct align(alignment) {}.

See also: #12745 #12897 #12993

CC @fifty-six

[topolarity]

To clarify, this would specify the default alignment of every field within the struct? (i.e., the effective alignment of the extern struct might differ after explicit field alignments are applied?)

Somewhat related, esp. regarding syntax: https://github.com/ziglang/zig/issues/8643

[wooster0]

Yes, that's basically what it does. It's like applying that same alignment manually to every field in the struct.

[daurnimator]

To clarify, this would specify the default alignment of every field within the struct?

I wouldn't expect that from the syntax: i would expect it to be the minimum alignment for the entire struct (i.e. the first field of the struct)