Allow returning existing artifacts from steps

[schustmi]

Describe changes

This PR allows users to return an artifact version that is registered in the ZenML server from a step.

Our caching behaviour currently uses the artifact version IDs of the step inputs to invalidate caching. Due to this, a step which is running downstream of a non-cached step will never be able to be cached, as the step inputs (even if containing the same data) will always have new IDs.

This PR enables this by allowing the return of artifact versions, which allows users to return artifact versions from previous steps to cache downstream steps.

Pre-requisites

Please ensure you have done the following:

• [ ] I have read the CONTRIBUTING.md document.
• [ ] I have added tests to cover my changes.
• [ ] I have based my new branch on develop and the open PR is targeting develop. If your branch wasn't based on develop read Contribution guide on rebasing branch to develop.
• [ ] IMPORTANT: I made sure that my changes are reflected properly in the following resources:
  • [ ] ZenML Docs
  • [ ] Dashboard: Needs to be communicated to the frontend team.
  • [ ] Templates: Might need adjustments (that are not reflected in the template tests) in case of non-breaking changes and deprecations.
  • [ ] Projects: Depending on the version dependencies, different projects might get affected.

Types of changes

• [ ] Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• [ ] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to change)
• [ ] Other (add details above)

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