Validate and standardize SDK exceptions

[HonzaR]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

We'd like to check and rethink the SDK exception system we have built-in. For example, RuntimeException from the Rust layer of the SDK should always be translated and enriched on the Kotlin side to a more detailed particular exception instead of throwing the RuntimeException itself.

Describe the solution you'd like

• [ ] Translate all the RuntimeExceptions from the Rust layer
• [ ] Check if all the exceptions from SdkException are used; remove the unused ones
• [ ] Check if we catch and handle all RuntimeException from the Rust layer as necessary

Alternatives you've considered

Additional context

This will impact the SDK's public API, so make sure you update the Changelog as necessary