[bazel] Build with LLVM
This pulls a hermetic LLVM toolchain into the Bazel workspace, for use in our Linux x86-64 builds. This removes our dependency on the host OS C++ toolchain, and hence makes building in a container largely redundant.
Since we no longer build in a container, this also frees up some disk space for our CI builds, however this is somewhat displaced by the size of the toolchain download.
Note that this doesn't register the toolchain with an isolated sysroot, so this now relies on the host image for its sysroot.
libtinfo5 is a library you can install (or patch into the llvm install) on 22.04.
Bazel bits look good. In general, I'm a big clang fan, but I can't judge if that is good for this project or not.