Jetpack blocks registration: Use the web approach to identify beta version blocks

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Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

In the web version of Jetpack, the logic related to identifying beta version blocks and including the beta suffix in the block's title is now performed using WP hooks. It would be great to adopt this approach in the native version in the spirit of keeping the Jetpack blocks registration logic as close as possible between versions.

• https://github.com/Automattic/jetpack/blob/eebad7d58da476499ccc090d3b78c02547918c33/projects/plugins/jetpack/extensions/shared/register-jetpack-block.js#L49-L52
• https://github.com/Automattic/jetpack/blob/3178c7f15114d90cc91f31332eef9cf060735f1d/projects/plugins/jetpack/extensions/editor.js#L81-L106

Describe the solution you'd like

Use the web version logic to identify beta version blocks and include the beta suffix in the block's title.

Describe alternatives you've considered

Alternatively, we could keep the logic as is.

Additional context This issue is a follow-up to https://github.com/Automattic/jetpack/pull/33890#discussion_r1381786512.