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On key-down, the shift modifier is lost in key input encoding (between raw_key_event_impl and key_event_impl)
What Operating System(s) are you seeing this problem on?
macOS
Which Wayland compositor or X11 Window manager(s) are you using?
N/A
WezTerm version
20240212-074107-22f9f8d2
Did you try the latest nightly build to see if the issue is better (or worse!) than your current version?
Yes, and I updated the version box above to show the version of the nightly that I tried
Describe the bug
On the initial key-down event, the SHIFT modifier will be lost by the time key_event_impl is called. This happens to be fine for the regular encoding (all we care about is the key code char), but for kitty keyboard protocol we need to know the modifier status to get the encoding right.
See this scenario, where I hold SHIFT and tap a:
21:13:32.943 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, handled: Handled(false) }
21:13:32.944 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow > DeadKeyStatus now: None
21:13:32.951 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: NONE, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, raw: None }
21:13:32.951 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > kitty: Encoded input as "\u{1b}[97:65;1;65u"
21:13:32.951 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow > DeadKeyStatus now: None
21:13:33.044 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) }
21:13:33.045 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: NONE, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, raw: Some(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) }) }
21:13:33.045 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > kitty: Encoded input as "\u{1b}[97:65;2:3u"
In raw_key_event_impl, we get the expected RawKeyEvent for the initial key-down input; from above:
21:13:32.943 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, handled: Handled(false) }
But then in key_event_impl (which seems to be where the encoding actually occurs) we see that the KeyEvent does not have the respective RawKeyEvent, and the SHIFT modifier is missing on the KeyEvent itself:
21:13:32.951 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: NONE, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, raw: None }
This results in an improperly encoded input under the kitty keyboard protocol:
21:13:32.951 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > kitty: Encoded input as "\u{1b}[97:65;1;65u"
Instead of "\u{1b}[97:65;1;65u", this should be "\u{1b}[97:65;2;65u", but because we don't have the SHIFT modifier, we end up encoding the empty set of modifiers.
Interestingly, the key-up case works as expected; the RawKeyEvent is preserved, as well as the modifiers directly within the KeyEvent, and we get: "\u{1b}[97:65;2:3u"
Now, instead of SHIFT, compare with CTRL+a:
21:40:26.939 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event RawKeyEvent { key: Char('a'), modifiers: CTRL, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, handled: Handled(false) }
21:40:26.939 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event KeyEvent { key: Char('a'), modifiers: CTRL, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, raw: Some(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('a'), modifiers: CTRL, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, handled: Handled(false) }) }
21:40:26.939 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > kitty: Encoded input as "\u{1b}[97;5;97u"
21:40:27.086 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event RawKeyEvent { key: Char('a'), modifiers: CTRL, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) }
21:40:27.086 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event KeyEvent { key: Char('a'), modifiers: CTRL, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, raw: Some(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('a'), modifiers: CTRL, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) }) }
21:40:27.086 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > kitty: Encoded input as "\u{1b}[97;5:3u"
Note that the CTRL modifier has persisted, as well as the RawKeyEvent.
To Reproduce
- Run
WEZTERM_LOG=wezterm_input_types=debug,info wezterm startfrom another terminal. - In
wezterm, holdSHIFTand tapa. - You'll see the aforementioned log lines.
Configuration
local config = {}
config.debug_key_events = true
config.enable_kitty_keyboard = true
return config
Expected Behavior
The modifiers should be preserved throughout the input event handling.
Logs
21:13:32.943 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, handled: Handled(false) }
21:13:32.944 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow > DeadKeyStatus now: None
21:13:32.951 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: NONE, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, raw: None }
21:13:32.951 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > kitty: Encoded input as "\u{1b}[97:65;1;65u"
21:13:32.951 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow > DeadKeyStatus now: None
21:13:33.044 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) }
21:13:33.045 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: NONE, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, raw: Some(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) }) }
21:13:33.045 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > kitty: Encoded input as "\u{1b}[97:65;2:3u"
Anything else?
No response
This has something to do with the code path that handles IME, at least on the macOS backend; if I set config.use_ime = false (default is true) then the raw: RawKeyCode is preserved:
21:52:23.577 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, handled: Handled(false) }
21:52:23.579 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: NONE, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, raw: Some(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, handled: Handled(false) }) }
21:52:23.579 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > kitty: Encoded input as "\u{1b}[97:65;2;65u"
21:52:23.690 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) }
21:52:23.691 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: NONE, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, raw: Some(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) }) }
21:52:23.691 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > kitty: Encoded input as "\u{1b}[97:65;2:3u"
Config in full:
local config = {}
config.debug_key_events = true
config.enable_kitty_keyboard = true
config.use_ime = false
return config
With IME enabled again, here are some logs doing the SHIFT+a test:
21:59:11.456 TRACE window > AdviseModifiersLedStatus(SHIFT, (empty))
21:59:11.457 TRACE window > Notification(Any { .. })
21:59:11.458 TRACE window > NeedRepaint
21:59:11.463 TRACE window > Notification(Any { .. })
21:59:11.463 TRACE window > Notification(Any { .. })
21:59:11.667 DEBUG window::os::macos::window > key_common: chars=`A` unmod=`A` modifiers=`SHIFT` virtual_key=0 key_is_down:true
21:59:11.668 TRACE window > RawKeyEvent(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, handled: Handled(false) })
21:59:11.668 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, handled: Handled(false) }
21:59:11.668 TRACE window::os::macos::window > insert_text_replacement_range A NSRange { location: 9223372036854775807, length: 0 }
21:59:11.668 TRACE window > AdviseDeadKeyStatus(None)
21:59:11.668 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow > DeadKeyStatus now: None
21:59:11.669 TRACE window > KeyEvent(KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: NONE, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, raw: None })
21:59:11.669 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: NONE, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, raw: None }
21:59:11.669 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > send to pane DOWN key=Char('A') mods=NONE
21:59:11.669 INFO wezterm_term::terminalstate::keyboard > key_down: sending "A", Char('A') NONE
21:59:11.669 TRACE window::os::macos::window > IME state: Acted, last_event: Some(KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: NONE, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, raw: None })
21:59:11.669 TRACE window > AdviseDeadKeyStatus(None)
21:59:11.669 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow > DeadKeyStatus now: None
21:59:11.670 TRACE window > Notification(Any { .. })
21:59:11.671 TRACE window > Notification(Any { .. })
21:59:11.671 TRACE window > NeedRepaint
21:59:11.675 TRACE window > Notification(Any { .. })
21:59:11.675 TRACE window > Notification(Any { .. })
21:59:11.675 TRACE window > Notification(Any { .. })
21:59:11.675 TRACE window > Notification(Any { .. })
21:59:11.678 TRACE window > Notification(Any { .. })
21:59:11.685 TRACE window > Notification(Any { .. })
21:59:11.696 TRACE window > NeedRepaint
21:59:11.769 DEBUG window::os::macos::window > key_common: chars=`A` unmod=`A` modifiers=`SHIFT` virtual_key=0 key_is_down:false
21:59:11.769 TRACE window > RawKeyEvent(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) })
21:59:11.769 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) }
21:59:11.769 DEBUG window::os::macos::window > key_common KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: NONE, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, raw: Some(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) }) } (chars="A" unmod="A" modifiers=SHIFT)
21:59:11.769 TRACE window > KeyEvent(KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: NONE, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, raw: Some(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) }) })
21:59:11.770 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: NONE, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, raw: Some(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) }) }
21:59:11.770 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > send to pane UP key=Char('A') mods=NONE
21:59:11.770 TRACE window > NeedRepaint
21:59:11.855 TRACE window > AdviseModifiersLedStatus(NONE, (empty))
I'm pretty sure this is where things are going wrong, in insert_text_replacement_range:
https://github.com/wez/wezterm/blob/889f8a9cd71a2b3552f28f6d1864aa3cd9461fdf/window/src/os/macos/window.rs#L1873-L1880
The kitty input encoder expects to fish out the modifiers from raw (the RawKeyEvent), but we're setting it to None here when the IME completes and calls us back. I'm not really sure what the proper solution is here.
Do we squirrel away the last RawKeyEvent from within key_common, like we do with key_is_down? Or just the modifiers, and then synthesize a suitable RawKeyEvent within insert_text_replacement_range?
For comparison, here's SHIFT+CTRL+a with IME enabled, which encodes correctly (preserves modifiers):
22:55:09.236 TRACE window::os::macos::window > perform_key_equivalent: chars=`\u{1}` modifiers=`SHIFT | CTRL`
22:55:09.237 DEBUG window::os::macos::window > key_common: chars=`\u{1}` unmod=`A` modifiers=`SHIFT | CTRL` virtual_key=0 key_is_down:true
22:55:09.237 TRACE window > RawKeyEvent(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT | CTRL, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, handled: Handled(false) })
22:55:09.238 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT | CTRL, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, handled: Handled(false) }
22:55:09.238 TRACE window::os::macos::window > do_command_by_selector "moveToBeginningOfParagraphAndModifySelection:"
22:55:09.238 TRACE window::os::macos::window > IME state: Continue, last_event: None
22:55:09.238 DEBUG window::os::macos::window > key_common KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: CTRL, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, raw: Some(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT | CTRL, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, handled: Handled(false) }) } (chars="\u{1}" unmod="A" modifiers=SHIFT | CTRL)
22:55:09.238 TRACE window > KeyEvent(KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: CTRL, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, raw: Some(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT | CTRL, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, handled: Handled(false) }) })
22:55:09.238 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: CTRL, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, raw: Some(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT | CTRL, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, handled: Handled(false) }) }
22:55:09.238 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > kitty: Encoded input as "\u{1b}[97:65;6;65u"
22:55:09.240 TRACE window > NeedRepaint
22:55:09.243 TRACE window > Notification(Any { .. })
22:55:09.259 TRACE window > NeedRepaint
22:55:09.399 DEBUG window::os::macos::window > key_common: chars=`\u{1}` unmod=`A` modifiers=`SHIFT | CTRL` virtual_key=0 key_is_down:false
22:55:09.400 TRACE window > RawKeyEvent(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT | CTRL, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) })
22:55:09.400 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT | CTRL, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) }
22:55:09.400 DEBUG window::os::macos::window > key_common KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: CTRL, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, raw: Some(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT | CTRL, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) }) } (chars="\u{1}" unmod="A" modifiers=SHIFT | CTRL)
22:55:09.400 TRACE window > KeyEvent(KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: CTRL, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, raw: Some(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT | CTRL, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) }) })
22:55:09.400 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: CTRL, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, raw: Some(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT | CTRL, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) }) }
22:55:09.400 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > kitty: Encoded input as "\u{1b}[97:65;6:3u"
https://github.com/wez/wezterm/blob/889f8a9cd71a2b3552f28f6d1864aa3cd9461fdf/window/src/os/macos/window.rs#L2723-L2738
I suppose flags_changed could persist the current modifiers, which could then be read in insert_text_replacement_range to create a suitable RawKeyEvent. That would also lay the groundwork for emitting key-{down,up} events for the modifiers themselves (since, unless I'm mistaken, the macOS libs doesn't provide a way to plumb those directly through keyDown:/keyUp:).
@wez do you have any opinions on any of the above? I'd be happy to contribute patches, if I knew what angle to tackle things from.
I'll be a bit distracted for the next couple of weeks so I don't have time right now to look at this in detail and make a suggestion, but I am definitely willing to accept a PR that makes this better if you have the bandwidth to look at it!
@wez Alrighty -- I'll see if I can cook something up. Disabling IME is a decent workaround for now (I don't take advantage of IME at the moment anyway), though I'd love for everyone be able to have their cake and eat it too.
And thanks again for wezterm and all of your other open source work!
macOS user here.
WezTerm does not appear to report key down / key up events for any modifiers (i.e. Shift, Ctrl or Alt) when using the Kitty keyboard mode. This can be checked using kitten show_key -m kitty (kitten is a command-line utility that comes bundled with Kitty). Setting config.use_ime to false does not solve the problem.
Setting config.use_ime to false does not solve the problem.
Correct. I think we'd have to do something like I describe in https://github.com/wez/wezterm/issues/5193#issuecomment-2008648763 (track active modifiers in flags_changed, and emit events when the state changes) in order to fix that.
Not sure if this is related, but I'm noticing some differences in encoding between "Ctrl+Shift+A" and "Cmd+Shift+A". With the Cmd version, it seems like the shift modifier is dropped somewhere. This currently makes it impossible for me to use Cmd+Shift+[key] bindings inside my text editor.
Using WEZTERM_LOG=wezterm_input_types=debug,info wezterm start:
#ctrl+shift
22:31:30.634 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT | CTRL, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, handled: Handled(false) }
22:31:30.634 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: CTRL, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, raw: Some(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT | CTRL, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, handled: Handled(false) }) }
22:31:30.635 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > kitty: Encoded input as "\u{1b}[97:65;6u"
22:31:30.736 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT | CTRL, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) }
22:31:30.736 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event KeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: CTRL, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, raw: Some(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT | CTRL, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: false, handled: Handled(false) }) }
22:31:30.736 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > kitty: Encoded input as ""
#super+shift
22:27:10.698 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT | SUPER, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, handled: Handled(false) }
22:27:10.699 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > key_event KeyEvent { key: Char('a'), modifiers: NONE, leds: (empty), repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, raw: Some(RawKeyEvent { key: Char('A'), modifiers: SHIFT | SUPER, leds: (empty), phys_code: Some(A), raw_code: 0, repeat_count: 1, key_is_down: true, handled: Handled(false) }) }
22:27:10.699 INFO wezterm_gui::termwindow::keyevent > kitty: Encoded input as "a"
kitty +kitten show_key -m kitty
# ctrl+shift
shift+ctrl+a PRESS A
CSI 97 : 65 ; 6 ; 65 u
Shifted key: A
shift+ctrl+a RELEASE
CSI 97 : 65 ; 6 : 3 u
Shifted key: A
# super+shift
shift+super+a PRESS a
CSI 97 ; 10 ; 97 u
