Enforce using C++17 when linking against vsg in CMake

[vikhik]

Description

Use target_compile_features to set C++17 standard, with PUBLIC scope. This is the modern CMake preferred way to set a required C++ standard. This now means that users do not need to set 17 for themselves, but will automatically be set when using target_link_libraries as a minimum of 17. Users can still choose to set higher standards if desired.

Fixes # (issue)

Type of change

• [x] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• [x] This change requires a documentation update

How Has This Been Tested?

• `cmake -B build . --G "Ninja Multi-Config"

Test Configuration:

• cmake version 3.31.6