Filter out values from system.metadata tables using access control

[huberty89]

Description

This PR filter out values using configured access control from tables:

• analyze_properties
• column_properties
• materialized_view_properties
• schema_properties
• table_properties

Related issues, pull requests, and links

• Fixes https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/14000

Non-technical explanation

Do not leak configured catalogs names when user does not have an access to them

Release notes

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# Security
* Filter out values from system.metadata tables using access control ({issue}`14000`)