usemodels
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tidymodels
Usemodels+glmnet: why a classification is suggested to predict a numerical variable?
Please look at the reprex at the end of this issue. You can download the input data from
https://e.pcloud.link/publink/show?code=XZWXInZ683FG2Squ0bLeLRNaGnzxukG1Le7
(nothing dangerous).
I try to set up tidymodels + glmnet to predict a continuous, numerical variable ("close"), so why does usemodels give me a boilerplate for a classification model?
library(tidymodels)
library(glmnet)
#> Loading required package: Matrix
#>
#> Attaching package: 'Matrix'
#> The following objects are masked from 'package:tidyr':
#>
#> expand, pack, unpack
#> Loaded glmnet 4.1-8
library(usemodels)
## get the data from
## https://e.pcloud.link/publink/show?code=XZWXInZ683FG2Squ0bLeLRNaGnzxukG1Le7
df_train <- readRDS("train_data.RDS")
df_train |> glimpse()
#> Rows: 327
#> Columns: 217
#> $ close <dbl> 71.37752, 72.92498, 69.77042, 7…
#> $ high <dbl> 73.50968, 73.35770, 73.56974, 7…
#> $ low <dbl> 70.35861, 71.06888, 68.62396, 6…
#> $ volume <dbl> 53187377, 53254101, 62337407, 5…
#> $ ad <dbl> 24993412, 58111264, 24674094, 4…
#> $ obv <dbl> 280903312, 334157412, 271820006…
#> $ rrt <dbl> 0.04380488, 0.03169536, 0.06956…
#> $ sigmat <dbl> 0.026311717, 0.019036598, 0.041…
#> $ btc_dominance <dbl> 46.1490, 46.2965, 46.3824, 46.2…
#> $ eth_dominance <dbl> 18.6197, 18.5903, 18.6252, 18.5…
#> $ active_cryptocurrencies <int> 9108, 9102, 9095, 9110, 9103, 9…
#> $ active_exchanges <int> 578, 578, 578, 578, 578, 585, 5…
#> $ active_market_pairs <int> 63150, 63140, 63194, 63369, 634…
#> $ usd_total_market_cap <dbl> 1.151301e+12, 1.147889e+12, 1.1…
#> $ usd_total_volume_24h <dbl> 54992894975, 32983707725, 31515…
#> $ usd_total_volume_24h_reported <dbl> 227239161079, 131151347323, 136…
#> $ usd_altcoin_market_cap <dbl> 619987665974, 616456746612, 625…
#> $ usd_altcoin_volume_24h <dbl> 29012797859, 19601618671, 17636…
#> $ usd_altcoin_volume_24h_reported <dbl> 118356993224, 76015632985, 7440…
#> $ lag_high_04 <dbl> 79.33371, 79.23391, 80.37833, 7…
#> $ lag_high_05 <dbl> 80.13074, 79.33371, 79.23391, 8…
#> $ lag_high_06 <dbl> 81.65857, 80.13074, 79.33371, 7…
#> $ lag_high_07 <dbl> 81.85890, 81.65857, 80.13074, 7…
#> $ lag_high_08 <dbl> 80.65517, 81.85890, 81.65857, 8…
#> $ lag_high_09 <dbl> 75.60789, 80.65517, 81.85890, 8…
#> $ lag_high_10 <dbl> 80.68163, 75.60789, 80.65517, 8…
#> $ lag_high_11 <dbl> 81.51750, 80.68163, 75.60789, 8…
#> $ lag_high_12 <dbl> 77.21347, 81.51750, 80.68163, 7…
#> $ lag_high_13 <dbl> 72.97124, 77.21347, 81.51750, 8…
#> $ lag_high_14 <dbl> 70.79873, 72.97124, 77.21347, 8…
#> $ lag_low_04 <dbl> 74.83914, 73.34505, 74.64390, 7…
#> $ lag_low_05 <dbl> 76.04362, 74.83914, 73.34505, 7…
#> $ lag_low_06 <dbl> 77.80269, 76.04362, 74.83914, 7…
#> $ lag_low_07 <dbl> 77.66202, 77.80269, 76.04362, 7…
#> $ lag_low_08 <dbl> 74.06801, 77.66202, 77.80269, 7…
#> $ lag_low_09 <dbl> 73.57610, 74.06801, 77.66202, 7…
#> $ lag_low_10 <dbl> 72.03230, 73.57610, 74.06801, 7…
#> $ lag_low_11 <dbl> 74.77417, 72.03230, 73.57610, 7…
#> $ lag_low_12 <dbl> 71.17249, 74.77417, 72.03230, 7…
#> $ lag_low_13 <dbl> 66.62366, 71.17249, 74.77417, 7…
#> $ lag_low_14 <dbl> 64.80951, 66.62366, 71.17249, 7…
#> $ lag_volume_04 <dbl> 67754141, 72497294, 84330280, 7…
#> $ lag_volume_05 <dbl> 68782996, 67754141, 72497294, 8…
#> $ lag_volume_06 <dbl> 63342139, 68782996, 67754141, 7…
#> $ lag_volume_07 <dbl> 79006655, 63342139, 68782996, 6…
#> $ lag_volume_08 <dbl> 76908698, 79006655, 63342139, 6…
#> $ lag_volume_09 <dbl> 58920757, 76908698, 79006655, 6…
#> $ lag_volume_10 <dbl> 92071978, 58920757, 76908698, 7…
#> $ lag_volume_11 <dbl> 115506512, 92071978, 58920757, …
#> $ lag_volume_12 <dbl> 93444168, 115506512, 92071978, …
#> $ lag_volume_13 <dbl> 69587249, 93444168, 115506512, …
#> $ lag_volume_14 <dbl> 88051180, 69587249, 93444168, 1…
#> $ lag_ad_04 <dbl> 128555246, 104571541, 97276212,…
#> $ lag_ad_05 <dbl> 69650201, 128555246, 104571541,…
#> $ lag_ad_06 <dbl> 134464383, 69650201, 128555246,…
#> $ lag_ad_07 <dbl> 138734037, 134464383, 69650201,…
#> $ lag_ad_08 <dbl> 212805675, 138734037, 134464383…
#> $ lag_ad_09 <dbl> 135896977, 212805675, 138734037…
#> $ lag_ad_10 <dbl> 108597216, 135896977, 212805675…
#> $ lag_ad_11 <dbl> 158515979, 108597216, 135896977…
#> $ lag_ad_12 <dbl> 117801450, 158515979, 108597216…
#> $ lag_ad_13 <dbl> 57444209, 117801450, 158515979,…
#> $ lag_ad_14 <dbl> -12137818, 57444209, 117801450,…
#> $ lag_obv_04 <dbl> 393653217, 321155923, 405486204…
#> $ lag_obv_05 <dbl> 325899076, 393653217, 321155923…
#> $ lag_obv_06 <dbl> 394682072, 325899076, 393653217…
#> $ lag_obv_07 <dbl> 331339933, 394682072, 325899076…
#> $ lag_obv_08 <dbl> 410346588, 331339933, 394682072…
#> $ lag_obv_09 <dbl> 333437890, 410346588, 331339933…
#> $ lag_obv_10 <dbl> 274517132, 333437890, 410346588…
#> $ lag_obv_11 <dbl> 366589110, 274517132, 333437890…
#> $ lag_obv_12 <dbl> 251082598, 366589110, 274517132…
#> $ lag_obv_13 <dbl> 157638429, 251082598, 366589110…
#> $ lag_obv_14 <dbl> 88051180, 157638429, 251082598,…
#> $ lag_rrt_04 <dbl> 0.05830557, 0.07719096, 0.07398…
#> $ lag_rrt_05 <dbl> 0.05234049, 0.05830557, 0.07719…
#> $ lag_rrt_06 <dbl> 0.04836142, 0.05234049, 0.05830…
#> $ lag_rrt_07 <dbl> 0.05261853, 0.04836142, 0.05234…
#> $ lag_rrt_08 <dbl> 0.08514770, 0.05261853, 0.04836…
#> $ lag_rrt_09 <dbl> 0.02723883, 0.08514770, 0.05261…
#> $ lag_rrt_10 <dbl> 0.11327487, 0.02723883, 0.08514…
#> $ lag_rrt_11 <dbl> 0.08629151, 0.11327487, 0.02723…
#> $ lag_rrt_12 <dbl> 0.08142247, 0.08629151, 0.11327…
#> $ lag_rrt_13 <dbl> 0.09094291, 0.08142247, 0.08629…
#> $ lag_rrt_14 <dbl> 0.08833119, 0.09094291, 0.08142…
#> $ lag_sigmat_04 <dbl> 0.035025991, 0.046380937, 0.044…
#> $ lag_sigmat_05 <dbl> 0.031440848, 0.035025991, 0.046…
#> $ lag_sigmat_06 <dbl> 0.029049653, 0.031440848, 0.035…
#> $ lag_sigmat_07 <dbl> 0.031607945, 0.029049653, 0.031…
#> $ lag_sigmat_08 <dbl> 0.051167334, 0.031607945, 0.029…
#> $ lag_sigmat_09 <dbl> 0.016359595, 0.051167334, 0.031…
#> $ lag_sigmat_10 <dbl> 0.068101375, 0.016359595, 0.051…
#> $ lag_sigmat_11 <dbl> 0.051855526, 0.068101375, 0.016…
#> $ lag_sigmat_12 <dbl> 0.048926220, 0.051855526, 0.068…
#> $ lag_sigmat_13 <dbl> 0.054654471, 0.048926220, 0.051…
#> $ lag_sigmat_14 <dbl> 0.053082816, 0.054654471, 0.048…
#> $ lag_btc_dominance_04 <dbl> 46.5431, 46.0186, 46.0846, 46.1…
#> $ lag_btc_dominance_05 <dbl> 46.0860, 46.5431, 46.0186, 46.0…
#> $ lag_btc_dominance_06 <dbl> 45.4814, 46.0860, 46.5431, 46.0…
#> $ lag_btc_dominance_07 <dbl> 45.4509, 45.4814, 46.0860, 46.5…
#> $ lag_btc_dominance_08 <dbl> 44.4637, 45.4509, 45.4814, 46.0…
#> $ lag_btc_dominance_09 <dbl> 44.2288, 44.4637, 45.4509, 45.4…
#> $ lag_btc_dominance_10 <dbl> 43.7508, 44.2288, 44.4637, 45.4…
#> $ lag_btc_dominance_11 <dbl> 43.4954, 43.7508, 44.2288, 44.4…
#> $ lag_btc_dominance_12 <dbl> 42.2199, 43.4954, 43.7508, 44.2…
#> $ lag_btc_dominance_13 <dbl> 41.8573, 42.2199, 43.4954, 43.7…
#> $ lag_btc_dominance_14 <dbl> 41.4604, 41.8573, 42.2199, 43.4…
#> $ lag_eth_dominance_04 <dbl> 18.4221, 18.6836, 18.5691, 18.7…
#> $ lag_eth_dominance_05 <dbl> 18.5857, 18.4221, 18.6836, 18.5…
#> $ lag_eth_dominance_06 <dbl> 18.8245, 18.5857, 18.4221, 18.6…
#> $ lag_eth_dominance_07 <dbl> 18.8142, 18.8245, 18.5857, 18.4…
#> $ lag_eth_dominance_08 <dbl> 18.8548, 18.8142, 18.8245, 18.5…
#> $ lag_eth_dominance_09 <dbl> 19.0374, 18.8548, 18.8142, 18.8…
#> $ lag_eth_dominance_10 <dbl> 19.0789, 19.0374, 18.8548, 18.8…
#> $ lag_eth_dominance_11 <dbl> 19.1327, 19.0789, 19.0374, 18.8…
#> $ lag_eth_dominance_12 <dbl> 19.1986, 19.1327, 19.0789, 19.0…
#> $ lag_eth_dominance_13 <dbl> 19.0576, 19.1986, 19.1327, 19.0…
#> $ lag_eth_dominance_14 <dbl> 18.5970, 19.0576, 19.1986, 19.1…
#> $ lag_active_cryptocurrencies_04 <int> 9068, 9077, 9097, 9106, 9108, 9…
#> $ lag_active_cryptocurrencies_05 <int> 9059, 9068, 9077, 9097, 9106, 9…
#> $ lag_active_cryptocurrencies_06 <int> 9057, 9059, 9068, 9077, 9097, 9…
#> $ lag_active_cryptocurrencies_07 <int> 9063, 9057, 9059, 9068, 9077, 9…
#> $ lag_active_cryptocurrencies_08 <int> 9068, 9063, 9057, 9059, 9068, 9…
#> $ lag_active_cryptocurrencies_09 <int> 9052, 9068, 9063, 9057, 9059, 9…
#> $ lag_active_cryptocurrencies_10 <int> 9036, 9052, 9068, 9063, 9057, 9…
#> $ lag_active_cryptocurrencies_11 <int> 9088, 9036, 9052, 9068, 9063, 9…
#> $ lag_active_cryptocurrencies_12 <int> 9068, 9088, 9036, 9052, 9068, 9…
#> $ lag_active_cryptocurrencies_13 <int> 9070, 9068, 9088, 9036, 9052, 9…
#> $ lag_active_cryptocurrencies_14 <int> 9073, 9070, 9068, 9088, 9036, 9…
#> $ lag_active_exchanges_04 <int> 572, 572, 576, 578, 578, 578, 5…
#> $ lag_active_exchanges_05 <int> 572, 572, 572, 576, 578, 578, 5…
#> $ lag_active_exchanges_06 <int> 572, 572, 572, 572, 576, 578, 5…
#> $ lag_active_exchanges_07 <int> 572, 572, 572, 572, 572, 576, 5…
#> $ lag_active_exchanges_08 <int> 570, 572, 572, 572, 572, 572, 5…
#> $ lag_active_exchanges_09 <int> 570, 570, 572, 572, 572, 572, 5…
#> $ lag_active_exchanges_10 <int> 569, 570, 570, 572, 572, 572, 5…
#> $ lag_active_exchanges_11 <int> 569, 569, 570, 570, 572, 572, 5…
#> $ lag_active_exchanges_12 <int> 568, 569, 569, 570, 570, 572, 5…
#> $ lag_active_exchanges_13 <int> 568, 568, 569, 569, 570, 570, 5…
#> $ lag_active_exchanges_14 <int> 567, 568, 568, 569, 569, 570, 5…
#> $ lag_active_market_pairs_04 <int> 62673, 62734, 62876, 63059, 631…
#> $ lag_active_market_pairs_05 <int> 62483, 62673, 62734, 62876, 630…
#> $ lag_active_market_pairs_06 <int> 62385, 62483, 62673, 62734, 628…
#> $ lag_active_market_pairs_07 <int> 62283, 62385, 62483, 62673, 627…
#> $ lag_active_market_pairs_08 <int> 61831, 62283, 62385, 62483, 626…
#> $ lag_active_market_pairs_09 <int> 61712, 61831, 62283, 62385, 624…
#> $ lag_active_market_pairs_10 <int> 61613, 61712, 61831, 62283, 623…
#> $ lag_active_market_pairs_11 <int> 61425, 61613, 61712, 61831, 622…
#> $ lag_active_market_pairs_12 <int> 61608, 61425, 61613, 61712, 618…
#> $ lag_active_market_pairs_13 <int> 61628, 61608, 61425, 61613, 617…
#> $ lag_active_market_pairs_14 <int> 61567, 61628, 61608, 61425, 616…
#> $ lag_usd_total_market_cap_04 <dbl> 1.152833e+12, 1.182801e+12, 1.1…
#> $ lag_usd_total_market_cap_05 <dbl> 1.175627e+12, 1.152833e+12, 1.1…
#> $ lag_usd_total_market_cap_06 <dbl> 1.145641e+12, 1.175627e+12, 1.1…
#> $ lag_usd_total_market_cap_07 <dbl> 1.166254e+12, 1.145641e+12, 1.1…
#> $ lag_usd_total_market_cap_08 <dbl> 1.088592e+12, 1.166254e+12, 1.1…
#> $ lag_usd_total_market_cap_09 <dbl> 1.064655e+12, 1.088592e+12, 1.1…
#> $ lag_usd_total_market_cap_10 <dbl> 1.093184e+12, 1.064655e+12, 1.0…
#> $ lag_usd_total_market_cap_11 <dbl> 1.074730e+12, 1.093184e+12, 1.0…
#> $ lag_usd_total_market_cap_12 <dbl> 1.013838e+12, 1.074730e+12, 1.0…
#> $ lag_usd_total_market_cap_13 <dbl> 9.519674e+11, 1.013838e+12, 1.0…
#> $ lag_usd_total_market_cap_14 <dbl> 9.404086e+11, 9.519674e+11, 1.0…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_04 <dbl> 77383433885, 67723817736, 69463…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_05 <dbl> 65056772847, 77383433885, 67723…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_06 <dbl> 68924084925, 65056772847, 77383…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_07 <dbl> 84321789110, 68924084925, 65056…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_08 <dbl> 62601200934, 84321789110, 68924…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_09 <dbl> 83701408244, 62601200934, 84321…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_10 <dbl> 101182591590, 83701408244, 6260…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_11 <dbl> 97270664123, 101182591590, 8370…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_12 <dbl> 64580463011, 97270664123, 10118…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_13 <dbl> 91096944569, 64580463011, 97270…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_14 <dbl> 76289657908, 91096944569, 64580…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_reported_04 <dbl> 284152805501, 259934887339, 306…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_reported_05 <dbl> 240552162883, 284152805501, 259…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_reported_06 <dbl> 255638478619, 240552162883, 284…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_reported_07 <dbl> 330280174188, 255638478619, 240…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_reported_08 <dbl> 219779353230, 330280174188, 255…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_reported_09 <dbl> 308441270560, 219779353230, 330…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_reported_10 <dbl> 386858683239, 308441270560, 219…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_reported_11 <dbl> 361232908236, 386858683239, 308…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_reported_12 <dbl> 223240061246, 361232908236, 386…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_reported_13 <dbl> 242876722809, 223240061246, 361…
#> $ lag_usd_total_volume_24h_reported_14 <dbl> 287084480406, 242876722809, 223…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_market_cap_04 <dbl> 616269148196, 638492553241, 617…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_market_cap_05 <dbl> 633827307898, 616269148196, 638…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_market_cap_06 <dbl> 624587523610, 633827307898, 616…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_market_cap_07 <dbl> 636180303279, 624587523610, 633…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_market_cap_08 <dbl> 604563947605, 636180303279, 624…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_market_cap_09 <dbl> 593770741356, 604563947605, 636…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_market_cap_10 <dbl> 614906573003, 593770741356, 604…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_market_cap_11 <dbl> 607271242970, 614906573003, 593…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_market_cap_12 <dbl> 585796442802, 607271242970, 614…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_market_cap_13 <dbl> 553500018991, 585796442802, 607…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_market_cap_14 <dbl> 550511824082, 553500018991, 585…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_04 <dbl> 32612622116, 31623104558, 36084…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_05 <dbl> 27284389880, 32612622116, 31623…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_06 <dbl> 33202888821, 27284389880, 32612…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_07 <dbl> 33565080485, 33202888821, 27284…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_08 <dbl> 28736551431, 33565080485, 33202…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_09 <dbl> 40037032687, 28736551431, 33565…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_10 <dbl> 46564591635, 40037032687, 28736…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_11 <dbl> 47811137109, 46564591635, 40037…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_12 <dbl> 35296250595, 47811137109, 46564…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_13 <dbl> 60918424794, 35296250595, 47811…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_14 <dbl> 36710003683, 60918424794, 35296…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_reported_04 <dbl> 133307012940, 143883048976, 151…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_reported_05 <dbl> 116269148253, 133307012940, 143…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_reported_06 <dbl> 138676737735, 116269148253, 133…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_reported_07 <dbl> 138765492138, 138676737735, 116…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_reported_08 <dbl> 110894992930, 138765492138, 138…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_reported_09 <dbl> 159653992121, 110894992930, 138…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_reported_10 <dbl> 182469531242, 159653992121, 110…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_reported_11 <dbl> 178537049213, 182469531242, 159…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_reported_12 <dbl> 121672058312, 178537049213, 182…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_reported_13 <dbl> 151040976226, 121672058312, 178…
#> $ lag_usd_altcoin_volume_24h_reported_14 <dbl> 151982926661, 151040976226, 121…
usemodels::use_glmnet(close ~ . , data=df_train)
#> glmnet_recipe <-
#> recipe(formula = close ~ ., data = df_train) %>%
#> step_zv(all_predictors()) %>%
#> step_normalize(all_numeric_predictors())
#>
#> glmnet_spec <-
#> multinom_reg(penalty = tune(), mixture = tune()) %>%
#> set_mode("classification") %>%
#> set_engine("glmnet")
#>
#> glmnet_workflow <-
#> workflow() %>%
#> add_recipe(glmnet_recipe) %>%
#> add_model(glmnet_spec)
#>
#> glmnet_grid <- tidyr::crossing(penalty = 10^seq(-6, -1, length.out = 20), mixture = c(0.05,
#> 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1))
#>
#> glmnet_tune <-
#> tune_grid(glmnet_workflow, resamples = stop("add your rsample object"), grid = glmnet_grid)
sessionInfo()
#> R version 4.3.3 (2024-02-29)
#> Platform: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu (64-bit)
#> Running under: Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
#>
#> Matrix products: default
#> BLAS: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/blas/libblas.so.3.11.0
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#>
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Created on 2024-03-06 with reprex v2.1.0
I would like to add that this happens also with the (much simpler)
use_glmnet(body_mass_g ~ ., data = penguins)
Unlike what shown in the example here
https://usemodels.tidymodels.org/