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Published 20 hours ago • verified publisher icon syscl
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Ubuntu for Laptops

Tips for improving experience on mainstream GNU/Linux

This project targets at making Ubuntu/Fedora easy to use. Improvements will keep adding to the repo, wish you enjoy it.

Don't hesitate to suggest if you have any good ideas.

Tested Models

Softwares & Optimizations

sudo apt-get install git
  • deepin scrot/screenshot
sudo apt-get install python-xlib
  • Change tty font style Though Ubuntu gave me a beautiful UI, I still want my console font classic and clean, that's why I choose VGA font in this case. Change step will be the following:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-setup

Font for the console->VGA or Do not change the boot/kernel font

  • extfat support
sudo apt install exfat-fuse exfat-utils
  • Resolve VI/VIM arrow keys binding issue
sudo apt install vim
  • Sogou fcitx install steps
sudo apt install fcitx
sudo dpkg -i [package-of-sogou].deb
sudo apt-get install -f

Fonts for Linux

Fonts is important and worth a section for discussing it. I used Gnome Tweaks to change system fonts, here are the settings:

  • Interface Text and Document Text: Helvetica Regular 10
  • Legacy Window Titles: Helvetica Bold 11
  • Monospace Text: SF Mono Regular 10
  • DM Mono is great for website code block

Firefox fonts

LatIn (refers macOS):

  • Proportional: Serif, Size: 16
  • Serif: Times
  • Sans-serif: Helvetica
  • Monospace: Menlo, Size: 13

Chinese(refers to macOS):

  • Proportional: Sans Serif, Size: 16
  • Serif: Times New Roman
  • Sans-serif: Arial
  • Monospace: Menlo, Size: 16

Chromium fonts

  • Sans-serif font: Helvetica

  • Mathematical font: STIX Two Math link

  • Change system fonts gconftool-2 has been superseeded by gsettings on Ubuntu 16.04+ and in other GNOME based systems.

Nowadays you can simply run the following in a terminal to change/reset all your desktop font settings:

# change windows title
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences titlebar-font 'Microsoft YaHei UI 11'
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface document-font-name 'Microsoft YaHei UI 11'
# default font
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface font-name 'Microsoft YaHei 11 UI'
# monospace-font 
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface monospace-font-name 'SF Mono Extra-Condensed 12'
gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.desktop font '' # default font '', leave blank

SF Mono is more preferrable from macOS: /System/Applications/Utilities/Terminal.app/Contents/Resources/Fonts In macOS: open Fonts within /System/Applications/Utilities/Terminal.app/Contents/Resources/Fonts then install it. SF Mono - Medium is my new favour.

To reset above setting, just simply type in

gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.interface font-name
gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.interface document-font-name
gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.interface monospace-font-name
gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.wm.preferences titlebar-font
gsettings reset org.gnome.nautilus.desktop font
gsettings reset org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor

tmux

It is highly recommend to use tmux for both your dev server or local machine because of its multiplex feature.

sudo apt install tmux

Make the tmux launch for every terminal, append the following lines at the end of the .bashrc

if command -v tmux &> /dev/null && [ -n "$PS1" ] && [[ ! "$TERM" =~ screen ]] && [[ ! "$TERM" =~ tmux ]] && [ -z "$TMUX" ]; then
  exec tmux
fi

The above command is going to make sure that

 (1) tmux exists on the system 
 (2) we're in an interactive shell
 (3) tmux doesn't try to run within itself

Tmux connection command I use at work

alias devvm="ssh ${cloudtop_address} -oCompression=yes -oCheckHostIP=no -oServerAliveInterval=60 -t -- '''tmx2 -CC new -A -s work''"

Reference:

Enable mouse scroll:

  • echo 'set -g mouse on' >> ~/.tmux.conf
  • To select or copy in tmux, press Fn key in Linux (macOS use Option)
  • More settings can be referred to: https://github.com/gpakosz/.tmux

Enable mouse selection and copy/paste for tmux

One may notice that copy is not as natural as default terminal - i.e. mouse select + copy shortcut. To fix this, you need to add install tpm and tmux-yank:

  1. Install tmux plugin manager (tpm): https://github.com/tmux-plugins/tpm
  2. Add set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-yank' to ~/.tmux.conf
  3. In tmux, invoke <prefix-key>+I to trigger the tmux-yank install

You can select-to-copy effienctly.

Add cpu and memory utilization for tmux

  1. Install tmux plugin manager (tpm): https://github.com/tmux-plugins/tpm
  2. Install tmux cpu and gpu stats: https://github.com/tmux-plugins/tmux-cpu
  3. Set the following config in tmux.conf
# cpu stats
set -g @plugin 'tmux-plugins/tmux-cpu'
# in .tmux.conf
set -g status-right '#{cpu_bg_color} CPU:#{cpu_percentage} MEM:#{ram_percentage}'

Albert (similar to Alfred and Spotlight in macOS)

This ultimately improve your productivity. Check here for installation

  • To enable quick search: settings (on the top right of the box) - Extensions - WebSearch - Trigger. For example change gg to g for Google

Fuzzy auto completion in terminal

For an enhancement of Ctrl+R refer here

An alternative shell magic history using Atuin. enter_accept is set to true by default, which means default enter to the selection will execute the command. To change the selected item, just hit tab instead of enter. Documents about more settings here.

For Ubuntu specific:

git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/junegunn/fzf.git ~/.fzf
~/.fzf/install

Ubuntu the following packages have been kept back

Please refer to this: Solution 1:

sudo apt-get --with-new-pkgs upgrade <list of packages kept back>

Solution 2:

sudo apt-get install <list of packages kept back>

Edit binary

  • Vi/Vim: :%!xxd to enter hex edit mode, :!xxd -r to quit
  • Or use command line hex edit by apt install hexedit

Dynamic Wallpaper

Gnome actually supports the dynamic wallpaper around 10 years ago, and recently macOS Majove has bought this function to macOS. To enable this beautiful function that is built-in Gnome, we have to load a customize xml as desktop and lock screen background as following:

mkdir -p ~/Pictures/Wallpapers/majove_dynamic
curl -o ~/Pictures/Wallpapers/majove_dynamic/majove.xml https://github.com/syscl/Ubuntu4Laptops/blob/master/dynamic_wallpapers/majove.xml

Open the ~/Pictures/Wallpapers/majove_dynamic/majove.xml , change the username from syscl to the user name you used, then unzip all the wallpapers from here to ~/Pictures/Wallpapaers/majove_dynamic

Set up the lock screen and desktop background by the following

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri 'file:///home/syscl/Pictures/Wallpapers/mojave_dynamic/mojave.xml'
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.screensaver picture-uri 'file:///home/syscl/Pictures/Wallpapers/mojave_dynamic/mojave.xml'

Note Change the syscl to the user name you used on the above command line.

Remove/hide icons in the Show Applications button

Jump right into the /usr/share/applications directory in the terminal, and remove/hide the icons you want. For example, remove the deprecated reboot, shut down and logout button when updating from Unity to Gnome

cd /usr/share/applications
sudo rm -rf reboot.desktop shutdown.desktop logout.desktop

vlmcsd

Install compiled binaries to /usr/local/bin/vlmcsd, then execute vlmcsd then vlmcs to start the server. Then on Windows client, open cmd as Administration, run the following:

slmgr -ipk <GLVKs Key> 
slmgr -skms <vlmcsd server address>
slmgr -ato
slmgr -dlv

Install GoldenDict

  • Installing External Deps on Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install git pkg-config build-essential qt4-qmake \
     libvorbis-dev zlib1g-dev libhunspell-dev x11proto-record-dev \
     libqt4-dev libqtwebkit-dev libxtst-dev liblzo2-dev libbz2-dev \
     libao-dev libavutil-dev libavformat-dev libtiff5-dev libeb16-dev
  • Download the latest GoldenDict
git clone git://github.com/goldendict/goldendict.git
  • Build it by the following
cd goldendict && qmake-qt4 && make

Note: to compile with libhunspell older than 1.5, use the following command to build instead

cd goldendict && qmake-qt4 "CONFIG+=old_hunspell" && make
  • Install the binary to /usr/share/local by
make install
# sudo mv /usr/local/share/applications/goldendict.desktop ~/.local/share/applications # correct the *.desktop path

System tray disappear on Ubuntu 18.04 (Gnome)

Install sni-qt libraries: apt install sni-qt

Tune GoldenDict

  • Install translate-shell by apt install translate-shell

  • Add the following to Edit->Dictionaries->Sources->Programs:

    1. Enabled, Typed=Plain Text, Name: [EN->ZH], Command Line: trans -e google -s en -t zh -show-original y -show-original-phonetics n -show-translation y -no-ansi -show-translation-phonetics n -show-prompt-message n -show-languages y -show-original-dictionary n -show-dictionary n -show-alternatives n "%GDWORD%"
    2. Enabled, Typed=Plain Text, Name: [ZH->EN], Command Line: trans -e google -s fr -t en -show-original y -show-original-phonetics n -show-translation y -no-ansi -show-translation-phonetics n -show-prompt-message n -show-languages y -show-original-dictionary n -show-dictionary n -show-alternatives n "%GDWORD%"
    • For extra dictionaries you can refer to software/GoldenDict/dictionary folder under this git repo
    • Changing the font and size for GoldenDict, use the following:
    echo 'body'  							  >~/.goldendict/article-style.css
echo '{'    							 >>~/.goldendict/article-style.css\
echo '    font-family: Microsoft YaHei;' >>~/.goldendict/article-style.css\
echo '    font-size: 12px;'              >>~/.goldendict/article-style.css\
echo '}'                                 >>~/.goldendict/article-style.css\

    More setting details please refer here.

svn

sudo apt install subversion

Install Ubuntu/Debian on F2FS

This is a note for temporarily install Debian or Debian-like Distros on F2FS, tested on P520, E203 and raspberry pi (EFI + root partition). The basic idea is copying and updating initramfs:

  • Install system as root on EXT4/EXT2
  • Install f2fs-tools to the current system
  • Add the following to the /etc/initramfs-tools/modules:
f2fs
fscrypto
crc32-pclmul
crc32c_generic
crc32c-intel
crc32_generic
libcrc32c
  • Create F2FS partition by command mkfs.f2fs /dev/sd<diskNum><partNum> -f
  • Mount F2FS partition to /mnt
  • Sync the current partition content to a temp disk: sudo rsync -HPXax / /mnt
  • Once sync has completed, prepare for chroot:
for type in dev sys proc run boot boot/efi sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/$type
  • Noted down the f2fs partition's UUID sudo blkid|grep f2fs
  • Change the root in /mnt/etc/fstab to the new UUID
  • Change ext4 to f2fs and errors=remount-ro to noatime.
  • Access the chroot environment to update its initramfs and get it set up in grub:
sudo chroot /mnt
update-initramfs
update-grub2
exit
  • Cleanly unmount the target system's mounts
sudo unmount /mnt/boot/efi
sudo unmount /mnt/*
sudo unmount /mnt
  • Reboot the system

Note:

  • For one disk installation, you can created three partitions: 1) EFI 2) Large F2FS chunck 3) 10G EXT4 as initial root. Once you completed the installation, move EXT4 to F2FS and resize the partition (I haven't got resize.f2fs succeed yet)
  • It's better to have two disks to finish the copy and swap procedure, this way you can fully maximize the F2FS on the disk

Optimize libreoffice

  • Close the startup logo in /etc/libreoffice/sofficerc : Logo=1 --> Logo=0

  • Notice in Libreoffice 5.3.x, there's no more sofficerc in /etc/libreoffice thus we need to search where the Logo= argument located in, here's the procedure

    grep -l -r -i 'Logo=' /opt/libreoffice*

This will give you the correct path of the configuration location, change Logo=1 to Logo=0

HiDPI for Netease Music Player (temporary)

Since Netease Music under Linux is achieved through Qt5, most elements are drawn by WebKit by a forking of Chromium, so we can just simply pass an startup argument --force-device-scale-factor=2 for netease-cloud-music, simply touch the /usr/share/applications/netease-cloud-music.desktop, change Exec=netease-cloud-music %U to Exec=netease-cloud-music --force-device-scale-factor=2 %U

Optimize foxitreader

  • Install program by
sudo ./FoxitReader.run

  • Set installation folder as /opt/foxitreader instead of ~/opt/foxitreader

  • Fixe files' permission

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /opt/foxitreader
  • Correct the ~/.local/share/applications/FoxitReader.desktop Icon=<*> to /usr/share/icons/hicolor/64x64/apps/FoxitReader.png
  • Optimize/remove FoxitReader cloud plugin (previous cause the system draining 100% of CPU resources)
sudo rm -r /opt/foxitreader/fxplugins

Install pinying

On Ubuntu 24.04

  1. It is recommended to install fcitx5 and cloudpinyin for pinyin input. A brief description of installing pinyin addon
sudo apt install fcitx5 fcitx5-chinese-addons fcitx5-frontend-gtk3

  1. Open Settings -> Keyboard -> Input Source, remove Chinese Pinyin from the list.

  2. Run im-config, follow the wizard and choose fcitx5 as IME.

  3. Run sudo vi /etc/environment and add below environment variables:

GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx
XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx
SDL_IM_MODULE=fcitx
GLFW_IM_MODULE=ibus

This step is important, without it you will be unable to switch IME in most of the applications.

  1. Open Tweaks (install by sudo apt install gnome-tweaks) and add Fcitx 5 to Startup Applications.

  2. Reboot

On Ubuntu 16.04-22.04

  • On Ubuntu 18.04-22.04, to install sogou pinyin please refer to guide and :
sudo apt purge ibus

sudo apt install libqt5qml5 libqt5quick5 libqt5quickwidgets5 qml-module-qtquick2

sudo apt install libgsettings-qt1

sudo cp /usr/share/applications/fcitx.desktop /etc/xdg/autostart/

sudo dpkg -i <sogou-pinyin>.deb; sudo apt install -f

Install Aria2 and Aria2 WebUI for off line download on Raspberry Pi

apt install aria2
mkdir ~/.aria2

Attach the below contents to ~/.aria2/aria.conf

dir=/home/pi/downloads
file-allocation=falloc
continue
log-level=error
max-connection-per-server=4
summary-interval=120
daemon=true
enable-rpc=true
rpc-listen-port=6800
rpc-listen-all=true
max-concurrent-downloads=1
disable-ipv6=true
disk-cache=25M
timeout=600
retry-wait=30
max-tries=50

This is a sample of the configuration, you can tune it as you like. Now create the launch init.d scirpt by the following script under ```/etc/init.d/aria2

#!/bin/sh
# /etc/init.d/aria2

### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: aria2cRPC
# Required-Start: $network $local_fs $remote_fs
# Required-Stop: $network $local_fs $remote_fs
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: aria2c RPC init script.
# Description: Starts and stops aria2 RPC services.
### END INIT INFO

RETVAL=0
case “$1” in
start)
echo -n “Starting aria2c daemon ”
umask 0000
aria2c –daemon=true –enable-rpc –rpc-listen-all -D –conf-path=/home/pi/.aria2/aria2.conf
RETVAL=$?
echo
;;
stop)
echo -n “Shutting down aria2c daemon ”
/usr/bin/killall aria2c
RETVAL=$?
echo
;;
restart)
stop
sleep 3
start
;;
*)
echo $”Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart}”
RETVAL=1
esac
exit $RETVAL

Attach executable permission for the script just touched (chmod +x aria) then update rc script

sudo update-rc.d aria2 defaults

Now we turn to install the Aria2 WebUI

  • Download the latest version of Aria2 WebUI from here, we actually want the build files under docs, copy the docs directory to /var/www/html as aria2 (so that we can access it directly).

Samba on Raspberry Pi

Please refer to this link first, full document will be appended later on.

Remove unused ibus

Since I use sogou pinyin with ifcitx as my major input source, so that ibus is not required on my system, remove it by apt purge ibus indicator-keyboard

Dash to Dock configuration

  • Ubuntu dash to dock (modified version of dash to dock):

Reset transparent-mode to 'ADAPTIVE':

gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock transparency-mode

Reset min-alpha to default

gsettings reset org.gnome.shell.extensions.dash-to-dock min-alpha
  • Original dash to dock extension:

Recommend style set to Dots, and the rest are the same as Ubuntu dash-to-dock.

But if this is not enough to reset all settings, try to remove and reinstall the whole directories under /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions

Sublime text as default editor

Install FileZilla

  • Open terminal(Crtl+Alt+T)
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu xenial-getdeb apps" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/getdeb.list'
  • Install the GPG key so that apt package manager will trust the packages from that repository via command
wget -q -O- http://archive.getdeb.net/getdeb-archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
  • Now it's time to install
sudo apt update && sudo apt install filezilla

Use black cursor instead of white cursor

The problem of using Unity Tweak Tool(a very powerful tool) is that Unity Tweak Tool can not change the cursor entirely. In login mode, we still can see the origin system default cursor. And sometimes, the black cursor will be reversed due to some system bug. Thus the permanent solution will be replace the whole white mouse cursor to a black one, here's the solution

mv -r /usr/share/icons/DMZ-White /usr/share/icons/DMZ-White-bak
cp -r /usr/share/icons/DMZ-Black /usr/share/icons/DMZ-White

Reboot, now you can enjoy a nice black mouse cursor.

For those who enjoy macOS cursor, here's a high quality macOS cursor under icons/cursor/macOS, you just place macOS/cursor under /usr/share/icons/DMZ-White . Reboot to enjoy the nice macOS(Sierra icons).

Customize application's icon and name

The icon and the name of the application is sometimes not as our expected, in other words, the icon is pretty ugly and the name is not straightforward... So to change the icon, the first step you need to do is copy the icon files to ~/.local/share/icons/hicolor/<icon_pixelxicon_pixel>/apps(arugments decided by the icon pixel), then change the .desktop file under /usr/share/applications. For example, I want to change the Simplenotes icon and name to notes.png and Notes respectively, open simplenote.desktop and change the value to Icon=Icon=/home/<username>/.local/share/icons/hicolor/128x128/apps/notes.png and Name=Notes respectively.

Drag lock and Palm rejection

Once I've switched to Ubuntu, I soon realized the function of the trackpad loses drag lock and palm rejection which make the trackpad almost unable to use. Thus I do some research about how to tune with it, here's the solution.

After applying the patch, you will soon enjoy the trackpad on Ubuntu.

  • For 3 finger gestures for example: back a page:
synclient "TapButton3" "8"

Caffein Gnome Extension

Install it, configured it to show in the status bar. Enable/disable it by scroll mouse on the icon.

Install LaTex

Before you install the latest LaTex, you should remove older version to avoid conflict just in case

sudo dpkg --purge --force-all texlive-xetex
sudo dpkg --purge --force-all texlive-math-extra

Then install LaTex now

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jonathonf/texlive
sudo apt-get install texlive
sudo apt-get install texlive-fonts-recommended texlive-fonts-extra

Fix the loss of section numbering with the new update issue

sudo wget http://mirrors.ctan.org/macros/latex/contrib/titlesec/titlesec.sty -O /usr/share/texlive/texmf-dist/tex/latex/titlesec/titlesec.sty

Install JDK

apt-get install default-jdk

No such native application org.gnome.chrome_gnome_shell

This is because the missing gnome-browser-connector. Install it to fix installing gnome extension issues.

Note: Bing Wallpaper is a nice extension for gnome

Enable swipe back and forward for chrome on Wayland

This is a tricky feature that Firefox support while chromium base browser missing. Enable it by adding this --enable-features=TouchpadOverscrollHistoryNavigation to the chrome executable. Another alternative I haven't tried yet is using multi gesture libraries.

Install native WeChat (Universal OS) on Ubuntu

  • You need flatpak and flathub install on Debian: https://flathub.org/setup/Ubuntu:
sudo apt install flatpak
sudo apt install gnome-software-plugin-flatpak
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://dl.flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
  • Then on Fedora/Ubuntu do the following:
flatpak install flathub com.tencent.WeChat
  • To run wechat
flatpak run com.tencent.WeChat

TODO: some emoji fonts are missing

Tune Gnome 3.x

To install extensions for Gnome 3.x, just search the add-ons in Software application, then tune it on through Extension Settings.

  • NoAnnoyance removes the “Windows is ready” notification and puts the window into focus.
  • Suspend Button adds back the sleep/suspend button

Resolve RAR Parsing filters unsupported error

You can use

sudo apt-get install unrar # support RAR 3

I recommend to install only one of these (unrar in my case). Then use archive manager:

sudo apt-get install file-roller

Blur app on factional scaling

One may found chromium based or electron app blur when Gnome Wayland fractional scaling is enabled. To address it, you need to put --ozone-platform=wayland for app.

Address VSCode blur

  1. Append --ozone-platform=wayland option to Exec in /usr/share/applications/code.desktop (you can test run the option in terminal code --ozone-platform=wayland)
  2. Change the title bar to custom (otherwise there's glitch between title bar and window decorator): Window: Title Bar Style > Custom.

Address Chromium blur

Warning: change Preferred Ozone platform in chrome:flags may cause browser flicking and broken. So use command line or change option on /usr/share/applications/google-chrome.desktop will be much safer (since you can revert back without losing app data). Append the --ozone-platform=wayland to Exec or command line. Without setting the ozone platform, Chrome's hangs a lot for me, making is basically unusable. (Constantly freezes for half a second while scrolling.)

Using the command line parameter worked nicely.

If anyone is reluctant to delete their ~/.config/google-chrome folder, you can simply edit your config manually when Chrome is not running. The config is in a JSON file called "Local State". Search for "ozone" and remove the corresponding key under "browser". (I think it was something like "lab_experiments" that I zapped.)

Add 7z support

sudo apt-get install p7zip-full

vscode idea key binding

One may find ctrl+w not work on Linux the shortcut has been defined to other feature. To restore it, just go to the idea keybindings' setting > Extension Keyboard Shortcuts > search for ctrl+w > Remove Keybinding.

Install Pinta

  • Open terminal with CTRL+ALT+T Add Pinta stable PPA repository:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pinta-maintainers/pinta-stable
  • Update system package lists:
sudo apt update
  • Install pinta
sudo apt install pinta

Install the lastest powerful Deepin Screenshot (c) syscl

  • Add latest Deepin Desktop Environment(DDE) for Ubuntu 
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:leaeasy/dde
sudo apt-get update
  • Install Screenshot dependencies by
sudo apt install python python-pyqt5 python-opengl \
python-sip python-wnck deepin-gettext-tools \
deepin-menu deepin-qml-widgets deepin-social-sharing
  • Now we can install Deepin Screenshot by
sudo apt install deepin-screenshot

Add shortcut for Deepin Screenshot

  • System Settings -> Keyboard -> Shortcuts -> Custom Shortcuts -> + Command: deepin-screenshot

Note:

  • deepin-screenshot can be applied to call deepin shortcut through terminal as well.
  • While apply for screenshot, right click to change preference for deepin screenshot

Alternative screen capture using default shortcut

  • Shift + prt sc sysrq to capture select area

Get rid of resources greedy evolution-calendar* services on x205ta

mv /usr/lib/evolution /usr/lib/evolution_DISABLE
for procname in $(ps aux | grep evolution | awk -F'/' '{print $NF}' | grep evolution | grep -v grep); do killall $procname; done

Remove Parallel printer driver modules to improve performance and mute Failed to load kernel modules

Failed to load kernel modules is actually not a kernel issue, but a bug in the default configuration of CUPS (the printing system), which tries to load the drivers for the ancient parallel port (which this computer obviously doesn't have). You can easily solve it by commenting out /etc/modules-load.d/cups-filters.conf, like so:

# Parallel printer driver modules loading for cups
# LOAD_LP_MODULE was 'yes' in /etc/default/cups
#lp
#ppdev
#parport_pc

Visual Studio Code Settings

{
   "workbench.colorTheme": "Xcode_default"
    "window.zoomLevel": 1,
   "editor.fontFamily": "'Menlo', 'Consolas', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'monospace'",
}

To have a vertical line (vertical rulers) to control line length, set a ruler in settings.json as (in this case length is 80)

{
  "editor.rulers": [80]
}

For remote developing, install Remote - SSH and copy public key to dev server by

ssh-copy-id [username]@[ip]

Markdown preview extension: Markdown all in one

Mac-like command: open for Ubuntu

open command in mac is really convenient and its alias is xdg-open. However the xdg-open is not as smart as open in mac. Due to the fact of this, I wrote a handy script(in bin/open) for you to deal with it. You can place it under /usr/local/bin manually or install it by executing deploy as well.

Apache

  • Install Apache 
sudo apt install apache2
  • Touch an website directory by
mkdir ~/apache_service_root
  • Change /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf and /etc/apache2/apache2.conf from DocumentRoot /var/www/index to DocumentRoot /home/syscl/apache_server_root and from <Directory /var/www/> to <Directory /home/syscl/apache_server_root/>

Update for website

/etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Update softwares through terminal

sudo apt upgrade

CentOS/Ubuntu install netdata

Netdata is a powerful monitor tool set for developer to keep tracking of its servers, to install it on Ubuntu 18.04+ simply type in

apt install netdata

  • On CentOS, please refer here

  • To allow ANYONE to access netdata, change the bind socket to IP = 127.0.0.1 to bind socket to IP = 0.0.0.0 in /etc/netdata/netdata.conf

  • Start all the services by the following:

systemctl start netdata
ufw enable
ufw allow 19999/tcp
ufw reload
  • Now access the netdata through http://your-server-ip:19999

Enable temperature for netdata

  • Install lm_sensors through apt install lm_sensors
  • Uncomment # sensors=force in /etc/netdata/charts.d.conf
  • cp /etc/netdata/conf.d/python.d/sensors /etc/netdata/conf.d
  • Restart netdata by the following:
killall netdata
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable netdata
systemctl restart netdata
  • as a side note, we can actually execute sensors after install lm_sensors to check CPU temperature

Check operating system archieture (32-bit vs 64-bit)

getconf LONG_BIT

CentOS/RHEL install deltarpm for allowing the delat rpm function.

CentOS/Ubuntu install nextcloud

Please refer here. And don't forget to change php70w-* to php-* for the installation commands.

  • Enable pretty urls (get rid of index.php*) append the following two lines in your [nextcloud root]/config/config.php:
'overwrite.cli.url' => 'https://example.com/nextcloud',
'htaccess.RewriteBase' => '/nextcloud',

then execute sudo -u www-data php [nextcloud root]/occ maintenance:update:htaccess

CentOS 7/Ubuntu install phpVirtualBox

  • Add VirtualBox source by creating a file virtualbox.repo under /etc/yum.repos.d:
[virtualbox]
name=Oracle Linux / RHEL / CentOS-$releasever / $basearch - VirtualBox
baseurl=http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/rpm/el/$releasever/$basearch
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc
  • Install VirtualBox by yum install virtualbox
  • Install VirtualBox extension pack by VBoxManage extpack install [extension-pack-path]
  • Install phpVirtualBox
  • Install subscript-manager
  • Create a new file in /etc/default/virtualbox so that we can systemctl start vboxweb-service, the line we have to add is: VBOXWEB_USER=root notice here the user is "the user as which vboxwebsrv will run.", in this case root, more information can be referred to here
  • Copy phpvirtualbox/config.php-example to phpvirtualbox/config.php and change the var $password = '*'; as the password you want.
  • Add a new user vbox by useradd vbox and its password is the same as in phpvirtualbox/config.php's var $password = '*';
  • Install epel repos
  • Install php-soap, note if you have php 7.0 use yum install php70w-soap
  • Disable selinux
  • Find the path of soap through find -name soap.so, usually it will be located at /usr/lib64/php/modules/soap.so
  • Insert in in /etc/php.ini by a new line: extension='/usr/lib64/php/modules/soap.so'
  • Restart your httpd service by systemctl restart httpd

Install emby media server

Unlike $lex require money everywhere, emby is an open source media server, like universal media server (ums on Sony PS4), the way to install is straightforward, but notice change the user and group as emby:emby for the folders you want to attach as libraries otherwise permission errors will occurs.

Chrome extensions / Firefox add-ons

CentOS/RHEL turn off beep/bell terminal sound

  • Remove pcspkr kernel module
rmmod -v pcspkr
  • Blacklist pcspkr in /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist by adding the following line:
blacklist pcspkr

CentOS creates Wireless Hotspot by one line command

nmcli dev wifi hotspot ifname wlan0 ssid test password "test1234"

More details please refer here

Ubuntu recovery mode mount root partition as read/write (rw)

mount -o remount,rw /

How to use?

  • Download this project by
git clone https://github.com/syscl/LinuxLand
  • This will download the whole directory, the next step is to change the deploy permission so that it can be executed:
cd LinuxLand
chmod +x deploy
  • Execute deploy by typing:
./deploy

zsh and configuration

  • Switch default shell chsh -s $(which zsh)
  • Install oh-my-zsh
  • Enable autosuggestion in ~/.zshrc > plugins > zsh-autosuggestions:
plugins=(
        ...
        zsh-autosuggestions
)

Enable ZRAM for ubuntu

On low memory machine, it will be benefit to enable memory compression (ZRAM is enabled by default on Fedora):

  • Install zram: sudo apt install zram-config
  • Enable zram:
systemctl enable zram-config
systemctl start zram-config
  • Check the zram status by: zramctl. Also read some document about zswap.

Install GraalVM on Fedora/Ubuntu

Please refer to this link.

See changelogs here

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