[jenkins] fix: update dockerfile to latest base image

[Wayonb]

What's the issue?

Dockerfile are not using the latest Ubuntu image version

How have you changed the behavior?

Update Dockerfile to use the latest Ubuntu image

How was this change tested?

On my dev box

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

Merging #479 (08dbbc5) into dev (219f854) will increase coverage by 0.02%. The diff coverage is n/a.

:exclamation: Current head 08dbbc5 differs from pull request most recent head 61bb1ab. Consider uploading reports for the commit 61bb1ab to get more accurate results

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev     #479      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   93.06%   93.09%   +0.02%     
==========================================
  Files         211      208       -3     
  Lines       48144    47986     -158     
==========================================
- Hits        44805    44671     -134     
+ Misses       3339     3315      -24     

Flag	Coverage Δ
catbuffer-parser	99.87% <ø> (+2.39%)	:arrow_up:
client-catapult	∅ <ø> (∅)
client-rest	96.46% <ø> (ø)
sdk-javascript	91.73% <ø> (ø)
sdk-python	94.09% <ø> (-0.02%)	:arrow_down:

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
catbuffer/parser/catparser/generators/util.py	100.00% <0.00%> (ø)
catbuffer/parser/catparser/__main__.py
sdk/python/symbolchain/Network.py
sdk/python/symbolchain/SharedKey.py
sdk/python/symbolchain/ripemd160.py	100.00% <0.00%> (+11.11%)	:arrow_up: