TypeCheckType: Fix some bugs in the `any` syntax checker
Resolves #65026, resolves #65027, resolves #72588.
Diff counts are mostly due to tests.
@swift-ci please smoke test macOS
@swift-ci please smoke test macOS
@swift-ci please smoke test macOS
@swift-ci please smoke test macOS
@slavapestov @hborla ping
@swift-ci please smoke test Linux
@swift-ci please smoke test Linux
@swift-ci please smoke test Linux
@swift-ci please test source compatibility release
@hborla ping
@slavapestov ping
@swift-ci please smoke test