SDIO fails to read block in debug build with high frequency

[skibon02]

During testing, I took example code sd.rs and launched it on my STM32F401RET Nucleo board. In debug mode it stuck on first read_block function call in debug mode, but works fine in release mode:

Release run with 24Mhz initialization, 4-bit bus

$ cargo run --release -- --no-location
    Finished release [optimized] target(s) in 0.01s
     Running `probe-rs run --chip STM32F401RETx target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/release/stm32hal_test --no-location`
     Erasing sectors ✔ [00:00:00] [###########################################################################################################################################] 32.00 KiB/32.00 KiB @ 35.71 KiB/s (eta 0s )
 Programming pages   ✔ [00:00:00] [###########################################################################################################################################] 29.00 KiB/29.00 KiB @ 29.64 KiB/s (eta 0s )    Finished in 1.894s
INFO  Clock setup successful!
INFO  Clocks result: "Clocks { hclk: Rate { raw: 42000000 }, pclk1: Rate { raw: 42000000 }, pclk2: Rate { raw: 42000000 }, timclk1: Rate { raw: 42000000 }, timclk2: Rate { raw: 42000000 }, sysclk: Rate { raw: 42000000 }, pll48clk: Some(Rate { raw: 48000000 }), i2s_clk: None }"
INFO  Clock setup successful 2!
INFO  Waiting for card...
INFO  SD Status: "SD Status { Bus Width: Four, Secured Mode: false, SD Memory Card Type: 0, Protected Area Size (B): 40, Speed Class: 3, Video Speed Class: 0, Application Performance Class: 0, Move Performance (MB/s): 3, AU Size: 9, Erase Size (units of AU): 8, Erase Timeout (s): 2, Discard Support: false }"
INFO  Card detected: nbr of blocks: 1929216
INFO  Read start...
INFO  Read finished! First 10 bytes:
12 
34 
56 
78 
90 
AB 
CD 
EF 
12 
34 
INFO  Write zeroes start...
INFO  Write zeroes finished!
INFO  Read start...
INFO  Read finished! First 10 bytes:
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
INFO  Write random data start...
INFO  Write random data finished!

Debug run with 24Mhz initialization, 4-bit bus

$ cargo run -- --no-location
    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.01s
     Running `probe-rs run --chip STM32F401RETx target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/debug/stm32hal_test --no-location`
     Erasing sectors ✔ [00:00:02] [#########################################################################################################################################] 128.00 KiB/128.00 KiB @ 44.01 KiB/s (eta 0s )
 Programming pages   ✔ [00:00:02] [###########################################################################################################################################] 82.00 KiB/82.00 KiB @ 30.84 KiB/s (eta 0s )    Finished in 5.586s
INFO  Clock setup successful!
INFO  Clock setup successful 2!
INFO  Waiting for card...
INFO  SD Status: "SD Status { Bus Width: Four, Secured Mode: false, SD Memory Card Type: 0, Protected Area Size (B): 40, Speed Class: 3, Video Speed Class: 0, Application Performance Class: 0, Move Performance (MB/s): 3, AU Size: 9, Erase Size (units of AU): 8, Erase Timeout (s): 2, Discard Support: false }"
INFO  Card detected: nbr of blocks: 1929216
INFO  Read start...

Moreover, lowering initialization frequency or bus width may help:

Debug run with 1Mhz initialization, 4-bit bus

$ cargo run -- --no-location
   Compiling stm32hal_test v0.1.0 (/home/skygrel19/projects/stm32hal_test)
    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.13s
     Running `probe-rs run --chip STM32F401RETx target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/debug/stm32hal_test --no-location`
     Erasing sectors ✔ [00:00:02] [#########################################################################################################################################] 128.00 KiB/128.00 KiB @ 43.90 KiB/s (eta 0s )
 Programming pages   ✔ [00:00:02] [###########################################################################################################################################] 82.00 KiB/82.00 KiB @ 31.07 KiB/s (eta 0s )    Finished in 5.574s
INFO  Clock setup successful!
INFO  Clocks result: "Clocks { hclk: Rate { raw: 42000000 }, pclk1: Rate { raw: 42000000 }, pclk2: Rate { raw: 42000000 }, timclk1: Rate { raw: 42000000 }, timclk2: Rate { raw: 42000000 }, sysclk: Rate { raw: 42000000 }, pll48clk: Some(Rate { raw: 48000000 }), i2s_clk: None }"
INFO  Clock setup successful 2!
INFO  Waiting for card...
INFO  SD Status: "SD Status { Bus Width: Four, Secured Mode: false, SD Memory Card Type: 0, Protected Area Size (B): 40, Speed Class: 3, Video Speed Class: 0, Application Performance Class: 0, Move Performance (MB/s): 3, AU Size: 9, Erase Size (units of AU): 8, Erase Timeout (s): 2, Discard Support: false }"
INFO  Card detected: nbr of blocks: 1929216
INFO  Read start...
INFO  Read finished! First 10 bytes:
12 
34 
56 
78 
90 
AB 
CD 
EF 
12 
34 
INFO  Write zeroes start...
ERROR Failed to write block: "TxUnderErr"
INFO  Write zeroes finished!
INFO  Read start...
ERROR Failed to read block: "Timeout"
INFO  Read finished! First 10 bytes:
12 
34 
56 
78 
90 
AB 
CD 
EF 
12 
34 
INFO  Write random data start...
ERROR Failed to write block: "Timeout"
INFO  Write random data finished!

Debug run with 1Mhz initialization, 1-bit bus

$ cargo run -- --no-location
   Compiling stm32hal_test v0.1.0 (/home/skygrel19/projects/stm32hal_test)
    Finished dev [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.14s
     Running `probe-rs run --chip STM32F401RETx target/thumbv7em-none-eabihf/debug/stm32hal_test --no-location`
     Erasing sectors ✔ [00:00:02] [#########################################################################################################################################] 128.00 KiB/128.00 KiB @ 44.08 KiB/s (eta 0s )
 Programming pages   ✔ [00:00:02] [###########################################################################################################################################] 78.00 KiB/78.00 KiB @ 30.96 KiB/s (eta 0s )    Finished in 5.442s
INFO  Clock setup successful!
INFO  Clocks result: "Clocks { hclk: Rate { raw: 42000000 }, pclk1: Rate { raw: 42000000 }, pclk2: Rate { raw: 42000000 }, timclk1: Rate { raw: 42000000 }, timclk2: Rate { raw: 42000000 }, sysclk: Rate { raw: 42000000 }, pll48clk: Some(Rate { raw: 48000000 }), i2s_clk: None }"
INFO  Clock setup successful 2!
INFO  Waiting for card...
INFO  SD Status: "SD Status { Bus Width: One, Secured Mode: false, SD Memory Card Type: 0, Protected Area Size (B): 40, Speed Class: 3, Video Speed Class: 0, Application Performance Class: 0, Move Performance (MB/s): 3, AU Size: 9, Erase Size (units of AU): 8, Erase Timeout (s): 2, Discard Support: false }"
INFO  Card detected: nbr of blocks: 1929216
INFO  Read start...
INFO  Read finished! First 10 bytes:
12 
34 
56 
78 
90 
AB 
CD 
EF 
12 
34 
INFO  Write zeroes start...
INFO  Write zeroes finished!
INFO  Read start...
INFO  Read finished! First 10 bytes:
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
INFO  Write random data start...
INFO  Write random data finished!

Here's the code: https://github.com/skibon02/stm32hal-sdio-issue

Behaviour is the same, no matter what sd card is used (tested on several SDSC and SDHC cards)