Add a PartitionedDuckDB Accelerator

[kczimm]

📝 Summary

• Introduce a PartitionedDuckDBAccelerator that is used when DuckDB file mode and partition_by expressions are specified.
• Implemented partitioning in PartitionTableProvider with insert_into for data partitioning.
• Created DuckDBPartitionCreator for creating and inferring DuckDB partitions.
• Refactored create_table_provider in duckdb for reusable table provider creation.
• Introduced EngineVariant to support partitioned and non-partitioned accelerator engines.
• Updated AcceleratorEngineRegistry to use EngineVariant for engine registration.

🔗 Related

Part of:

• #5872 Closes:
• #6185

🚨 Breaking Changes

📚 Docs

👀 Notes for Reviewers

This does not support reading from PartitionedTableProvider. That will be implemented in #6186

[github-actions[bot]]

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• ✅ Has at least one assignee: kczimm

[kczimm]

Changing to draft because I found an issue with certain expressions.

[kczimm]

We should have some integration/E2E tests for this - but if you want to track that in another issue, then I'm fine to merge this after fixing the supports_filter_pushdown method to call expr_to_sql

#6386