CVC5: Add parser support

[daniel-raffler]

Hello, this PR will add support for parsing to CVC5. The approach taken is very similar to what we're doing in the Bitwuzla code as we again have to carefully synchronize symbol definitions from the parser with those from our variable/uf cache. Note that we also included some changes to the way that CVC5 array values from the model are translate into ValueAssignments for JavaSMT. This was needed to fix tests that became possible with the new parser support.