[Proposal ]Partitioned Inflationary Rewards Distribution

[HaoranYi]

Problem

stake reward at epoch boundary takes very long and slows down the network.

Summary of Changes

Proposal to decouple stake rewards computation and credit, and spread the stake rewards for the epoch over multiple blocks.

tag @jeffwashington @brooksprumo @carllin @sakridge @aeyakovenko @mvines @t-nelson

Fixes #

[t-nelson]

please wrap lines at ~80 chars to ease review/suggestions

[HaoranYi]

should we consider reducing some of the compute budget limits for the blocks during rewards calculation/crediting to free up some compute and write capacity?

Make sense. Updated.

[brooksprumo]

I added the noCI label so buildkite doesn't need to churn on this PR before it realizes nothing needs to be done.

[HaoranYi]

If you prefer to review the proposal in its preview format instead markdown source, please check it here. https://github.com/HaoranYi/solana/blob/proposal_stake_reward/docs/src/proposals/partitioned-inflationary-rewards-distribution.md