[3006.x] Fix parallel state execution with Salt-SSH

[lkubb]

What does this PR do?

Fixes a TypeError that was raised when executing parallel states via Salt-SSH (jid was unset, but the cache dir used for returning the result of a parallel execution depended on it).

What issues does this PR fix or reference?

Fixes: https://github.com/saltstack/salt/issues/66514 Fixes: https://github.com/saltstack/salt/issues/53538

Previous Behavior

Exits with retcode=0, shows sys.doc of state.pkg because of a TypeError (on <3007) / at least errors with retcode=1 and shows the stacktrace (>=3007).

New Behavior

Executes the states in parallel as requested.

Merge requirements satisfied?

[NOTICE] Bug fixes or features added to Salt require tests.

• [ ] Docs
• [x] Changelog - https://docs.saltproject.io/en/master/topics/development/changelog.html
• [x] Tests written/updated

Commits signed with GPG?

Yes