translation: doc comments with derives, subdiagnostic-less enum variants, more derive use

[davidtwco]

• Adds support for doc attributes in the diagnostic derives so that documentation comments don't result in the derive failing.
• Adds support for enum variants in the subdiagnostic derive to not actually correspond to an addition to a diagnostic.
• Made use of the derive in more places in the rustc_ast_lowering, rustc_ast_passes, rustc_lint, rustc_session, rustc_infer - taking advantage of recent additions like eager subdiagnostics, multispan suggestions, etc.

cc #100717

[rust-highfive]

r? @compiler-errors

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[rustbot]

rustc_macros::diagnostics was changed

cc @davidtwco, @compiler-errors, @JohnTitor, @estebank, @TaKO8Ki

rustc_error_messages was changed

cc @davidtwco, @compiler-errors, @JohnTitor, @estebank, @TaKO8Ki

[compiler-errors]

Looks good.

@bors r+

[bors]

:pushpin: Commit 913f5974026334dbd2eeb4f39b0e4ea767e1b28d has been approved by compiler-errors

It is now in the queue for this repository.