Complete integration of service protocol version negotiation

[tillrohrmann]

To evolve the SDKs and runtime independently of each other, we need to fully integrate the service protocol version negotiation as described here. There are few tasks left to be done.

### Tasks
- [ ] Validate protocol version at discovery time
- [ ] https://github.com/restatedev/restate/issues/1507
- [ ] https://github.com/restatedev/restate/issues/1510
- [ ] Update service protocol to propagate service protocol version in the content type
- [ ] Update SDKs to announce their supported version range and validate it on invocation time
- [ ] https://github.com/restatedev/service-protocol/issues/92

[slinkydeveloper]

I'm gonna start with the protocol changes in the protocol repo and in the sdks.

[tillrohrmann]

Completed the service protocol version negotiation.