[v24.2.x] storage: log more info when requesting eviction

[vbotbuildovich]

Backport https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/26298 to branch v24.2.x. This issue was created as a placeholder because the original PR's commit(s) could not be automatically cherry-picked. Here are the commands to execute:

git checkout v24.2.x
git checkout -b manual-backport-26298-v24.2.x-662
git cherry-pick -x 1561401605

git push origin manual-backport-26298-v24.2.x-662
gh pr create \
  --title "[v24.2.x] storage: log more info when requesting eviction" \
  --base "v24.2.x" \
  --label "kind/backport" \
  --head "manual-backport-26298-v24.2.x-662" \
  --draft \
  --repo "redpanda-data/redpanda" \
  --milestone "v24.2.x-next" \
  --body "Backport of PR https://github.com/redpanda-data/redpanda/pull/26298 "

JIRA Link: [CORE-10616](https://redpandadata.atlassian.net/browse/CORE-10616)