kafka/server: Remove throughput throttling v1

[BenPope]

#16441 introduced v2 as the default. This removes v1.

Deprecated cluster config

• kafka_throughput_throttling_v2
• kafka_quota_balancer_window_ms
• kafka_quota_balancer_node_period_ms
• kafka_quota_balancer_min_shard_throughput_ratio
• kafka_quota_balancer_min_shard_throughput_bps

Removed metrics

• vectorized_kafka_quotas_balancer_runs

Backports Required

• [ ] none - not a bug fix
• [ ] none - this is a backport
• [ ] none - issue does not exist in previous branches
• [ ] none - papercut/not impactful enough to backport
• [x] none - keep the old version in case of emergency
• [ ] v23.3.x
• [ ] v23.2.x
• [ ] v23.1.x

Release Notes

Improvements

• kafka/server: Remove throughput throttling v1

[vbotbuildovich]

ducktape was retried in https://buildkite.com/redpanda/redpanda/builds/45523#018df79a-7af8-4d7d-880b-0d703a9a9b8b