config/configuration: bounded_property log_segment_ms_min/max

[andijcr]

for correctness, limit the accepted range for log_segment_ms_min/max to only positive values

Backports Required

• [ ] none - not a bug fix
• [ ] none - this is a backport
• [ ] none - issue does not exist in previous branches
• [x] none - papercut/not impactful enough to backport
• [ ] v23.3.x
• [ ] v23.2.x
• [ ] v23.1.x

Release Notes

Improvements

• ensure only positive values are accepted for log_segment_ms_min/max

[vbotbuildovich]

ducktape was retried in https://buildkite.com/redpanda/redpanda/builds/44813#018d83f6-2fde-404e-9a83-a45dae4c6471

ducktape was retried in https://buildkite.com/redpanda/redpanda/builds/45311#018dd846-13b7-4327-abef-74a9c0b8c0a2

[piyushredpanda]

/ci-repeat