[FEA] Nearest point and segment index of linestring to a point (pairwise)

[harrism]

Is your feature request related to a problem? Please describe.

For linestring/point pairs, I would like to calculate not only the distance between points and linestrings, but also the nearest point on the linestring and possibly the index of the segment within the linestring that contains that nearest point.

Describe the solution you'd like

Ingestivate leveraging the functionality in #573 to provide the nearest point and segment index.