[Fix #51164] `Model.query_constraints` with single non-primary-key column raises incorrect error

[joshuay03]

Motivation / Background

Fixes #51164.

Detail

This Pull Request changes ActiveRecord::Reflection::AssociationReflection#derive_fk_query_constraints to raise an existing more appropriate error if Model.query_constraints is given a single non-primary-key column argument.

Additional information

Checklist

Before submitting the PR make sure the following are checked:

• [x] This Pull Request is related to one change. Changes that are unrelated should be opened in separate PRs.
• [x] Commit message has a detailed description of what changed and why. If this PR fixes a related issue include it in the commit message. Ex: [Fix #issue-number]
• [x] Tests are added or updated if you fix a bug or add a feature.
• [x] CHANGELOG files are updated for the changed libraries if there is a behavior change or additional feature. Minor bug fixes and documentation changes should not be included.