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tlefile.py urlopen does not recognize celestar ssl certificate
Issue:
In pyorbital/tlefile.py as called from satpy, urlopen does not recognize the certificates for TLE_URLS and produces an error "URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1010)>." Testing urlopen alone also produces the same error. However, when testing the python "request" module or running curl in CLI, the a certificate error is not produced for these TLE urls.
Configuration:
OS: linux
pyorbital version: 1.10.2
urllib3 version: 2.5.0
Error:
URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1010)>
Code: Simple python code producing error with extracted TLE_URLS from pyorbital/tlefile.py.
from urllib.request import urlopen
TLE_URLS = ['https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=active&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=weather&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=resource&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=cubesat&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=stations&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=sarsat&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=noaa&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=amateur&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=engineering&FORMAT=tle']
fileobject = urlopen(TLE_URLS[0])
print(fileobject)
Output (from simple code above):
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
SSLCertVerificationError Traceback (most recent call last)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:1344, in AbstractHTTPHandler.do_open(self, http_class, req, **http_conn_args)
1343 try:
-> 1344 h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers,
1345 encode_chunked=req.has_header('Transfer-encoding'))
1346 except OSError as err: # timeout error
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/http/client.py:1338, in HTTPConnection.request(self, method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
1337 """Send a complete request to the server."""
-> 1338 self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/http/client.py:1384, in HTTPConnection._send_request(self, method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
1383 body = _encode(body, 'body')
-> 1384 self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/http/client.py:1333, in HTTPConnection.endheaders(self, message_body, encode_chunked)
1332 raise CannotSendHeader()
-> 1333 self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/http/client.py:1093, in HTTPConnection._send_output(self, message_body, encode_chunked)
1092 del self._buffer[:]
-> 1093 self.send(msg)
1095 if message_body is not None:
1096
1097 # create a consistent interface to message_body
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/http/client.py:1037, in HTTPConnection.send(self, data)
1036 if self.auto_open:
-> 1037 self.connect()
1038 else:
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/http/client.py:1479, in HTTPSConnection.connect(self)
1477 server_hostname = self.host
-> 1479 self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(self.sock,
1480 server_hostname=server_hostname)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/ssl.py:455, in SSLContext.wrap_socket(self, sock, server_side, do_handshake_on_connect, suppress_ragged_eofs, server_hostname, session)
449 def wrap_socket(self, sock, server_side=False,
450 do_handshake_on_connect=True,
451 suppress_ragged_eofs=True,
452 server_hostname=None, session=None):
453 # SSLSocket class handles server_hostname encoding before it calls
454 # ctx._wrap_socket()
--> 455 return self.sslsocket_class._create(
456 sock=sock,
457 server_side=server_side,
458 do_handshake_on_connect=do_handshake_on_connect,
459 suppress_ragged_eofs=suppress_ragged_eofs,
460 server_hostname=server_hostname,
461 context=self,
462 session=session
463 )
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/ssl.py:1041, in SSLSocket._create(cls, sock, server_side, do_handshake_on_connect, suppress_ragged_eofs, server_hostname, context, session)
1040 raise ValueError("do_handshake_on_connect should not be specified for non-blocking sockets")
-> 1041 self.do_handshake()
1042 except:
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/ssl.py:1319, in SSLSocket.do_handshake(self, block)
1318 self.settimeout(None)
-> 1319 self._sslobj.do_handshake()
1320 finally:
SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1010)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
URLError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[1], line 6
2 from urllib.request import urlopen
4 TLE_URLS = ['https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=active&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=weather&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=resource&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=cubesat&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=stations&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=sarsat&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=noaa&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=amateur&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=engineering&FORMAT=tle']
----> 6 fileobject = urlopen(TLE_URLS[0])
8 print(fileobject)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:215, in urlopen(url, data, timeout, cafile, capath, cadefault, context)
213 else:
214 opener = _opener
--> 215 return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:515, in OpenerDirector.open(self, fullurl, data, timeout)
512 req = meth(req)
514 sys.audit('urllib.Request', req.full_url, req.data, req.headers, req.get_method())
--> 515 response = self._open(req, data)
517 # post-process response
518 meth_name = protocol+"_response"
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:532, in OpenerDirector._open(self, req, data)
529 return result
531 protocol = req.type
--> 532 result = self._call_chain(self.handle_open, protocol, protocol +
533 '_open', req)
534 if result:
535 return result
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:492, in OpenerDirector._call_chain(self, chain, kind, meth_name, *args)
490 for handler in handlers:
491 func = getattr(handler, meth_name)
--> 492 result = func(*args)
493 if result is not None:
494 return result
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:1392, in HTTPSHandler.https_open(self, req)
1391 def https_open(self, req):
-> 1392 return self.do_open(http.client.HTTPSConnection, req,
1393 context=self._context)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:1347, in AbstractHTTPHandler.do_open(self, http_class, req, **http_conn_args)
1344 h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers,
1345 encode_chunked=req.has_header('Transfer-encoding'))
1346 except OSError as err: # timeout error
-> 1347 raise URLError(err)
1348 r = h.getresponse()
1349 except:
URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1010)>
Output (from satpy run):
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:09 : satpy.readers.core.yaml_reader] Reading ('/home/jovyan/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/etc/readers/ahi_l2_nc.yaml',)
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:09 : satpy.readers.core.yaml_reader] Assigning to ahi_l2_nc: ['/home/jovyan/tropics-tobac_flow/tobac-flow-1.8.2/data/himawari/AHI-CHGT_v1r1_h09_s202509010000209_e202509010009403_c202509010016093.nc']
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:09 : h5py._conv] Creating converter from 7 to 5
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:09 : h5py._conv] Creating converter from 5 to 7
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:09 : h5py._conv] Creating converter from 7 to 5
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:09 : h5py._conv] Creating converter from 5 to 7
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:09 : satpy.composites.config_loader] Looking for composites config file ahi.yaml
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : satpy.composites.config_loader] Looking for composites config file visir.yaml
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Band number = 10
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Time_interval: 2025-09-01 00:00:00 - 2025-09-01 00:10:00
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Band number = 10
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Time_interval: 2025-09-01 00:00:00 - 2025-09-01 00:10:00
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Band number = 10
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Time_interval: 2025-09-01 00:00:00 - 2025-09-01 00:10:00
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Band number = 10
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Time_interval: 2025-09-01 00:00:00 - 2025-09-01 00:10:00
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Band number = 10
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Time_interval: 2025-09-01 00:00:00 - 2025-09-01 00:10:00
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Band number = 10
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Time_interval: 2025-09-01 00:00:00 - 2025-09-01 00:10:00
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Band number = 10
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Time_interval: 2025-09-01 00:00:00 - 2025-09-01 00:10:00
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Band number = 10
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Time_interval: 2025-09-01 00:00:00 - 2025-09-01 00:10:00
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Band number = 10
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Time_interval: 2025-09-01 00:00:00 - 2025-09-01 00:10:00
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Band number = 10
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : ahi_hsd] Time_interval: 2025-09-01 00:00:00 - 2025-09-01 00:10:00
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : satpy.readers.core.yaml_reader] Requested orientation for Dataset B10 is 'native' (default). No flipping is applied.
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : satpy.readers.ahi_l2_nc] Reading in get_dataset CldTopHght.
[INFO: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : satpy.readers.ahi_l2_nc] The AHI L2 cloud products do not have the metadata required to produce an area definition. Assuming standard Himawari-8/9 full disk projection.
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : satpy.modifiers.parallax] Calculating parallax correction using heights from cloud_top_height, with base area AHI FLDK area.
[WARNING: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : satpy.utils] Orbital parameters missing from metadata. Calculating from TLE using skyfield and astropy.
[DEBUG: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : pyorbital.tlefile] Fetch TLE from the internet.
[INFO: 2025-09-11 18:48:10 : pyorbital.tlefile] attempting url: ['https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=active&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=weather&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=resource&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=cubesat&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=stations&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=sarsat&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=noaa&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=amateur&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=engineering&FORMAT=tle']
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyError Traceback (most recent call last)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/utils.py:358, in get_satpos(data_arr, preference, use_tle)
357 try:
--> 358 lon, lat = _get_sat_lonlat(data_arr, lonlat_prefixes)
359 alt = _get_sat_altitude(data_arr, alt_prefixes)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/utils.py:396, in _get_sat_lonlat(data_arr, key_prefixes)
395 def _get_sat_lonlat(data_arr, key_prefixes):
--> 396 orb_params = data_arr.attrs["orbital_parameters"]
397 lon_keys = [prefix + "longitude" for prefix in key_prefixes]
KeyError: 'orbital_parameters'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
SSLCertVerificationError Traceback (most recent call last)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:1344, in AbstractHTTPHandler.do_open(self, http_class, req, **http_conn_args)
1343 try:
-> 1344 h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers,
1345 encode_chunked=req.has_header('Transfer-encoding'))
1346 except OSError as err: # timeout error
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/http/client.py:1338, in HTTPConnection.request(self, method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
1337 """Send a complete request to the server."""
-> 1338 self._send_request(method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/http/client.py:1384, in HTTPConnection._send_request(self, method, url, body, headers, encode_chunked)
1383 body = _encode(body, 'body')
-> 1384 self.endheaders(body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/http/client.py:1333, in HTTPConnection.endheaders(self, message_body, encode_chunked)
1332 raise CannotSendHeader()
-> 1333 self._send_output(message_body, encode_chunked=encode_chunked)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/http/client.py:1093, in HTTPConnection._send_output(self, message_body, encode_chunked)
1092 del self._buffer[:]
-> 1093 self.send(msg)
1095 if message_body is not None:
1096
1097 # create a consistent interface to message_body
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/http/client.py:1037, in HTTPConnection.send(self, data)
1036 if self.auto_open:
-> 1037 self.connect()
1038 else:
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/http/client.py:1479, in HTTPSConnection.connect(self)
1477 server_hostname = self.host
-> 1479 self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(self.sock,
1480 server_hostname=server_hostname)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/ssl.py:455, in SSLContext.wrap_socket(self, sock, server_side, do_handshake_on_connect, suppress_ragged_eofs, server_hostname, session)
449 def wrap_socket(self, sock, server_side=False,
450 do_handshake_on_connect=True,
451 suppress_ragged_eofs=True,
452 server_hostname=None, session=None):
453 # SSLSocket class handles server_hostname encoding before it calls
454 # ctx._wrap_socket()
--> 455 return self.sslsocket_class._create(
456 sock=sock,
457 server_side=server_side,
458 do_handshake_on_connect=do_handshake_on_connect,
459 suppress_ragged_eofs=suppress_ragged_eofs,
460 server_hostname=server_hostname,
461 context=self,
462 session=session
463 )
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/ssl.py:1041, in SSLSocket._create(cls, sock, server_side, do_handshake_on_connect, suppress_ragged_eofs, server_hostname, context, session)
1040 raise ValueError("do_handshake_on_connect should not be specified for non-blocking sockets")
-> 1041 self.do_handshake()
1042 except:
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/ssl.py:1319, in SSLSocket.do_handshake(self, block)
1318 self.settimeout(None)
-> 1319 self._sslobj.do_handshake()
1320 finally:
SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1010)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
URLError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[1], line 52
42 reader_kwargs = {
43 'ahi_hsd': {
44 'storage_options': storage_options,
(...) 47 },
48 }
50 scn = Scene(filenames=filenames, reader_kwargs=reader_kwargs)
---> 52 scn.load(['parallax_corrected_B10'])
54 print(scn.available_dataset_names())
55 print(scn.all_dataset_names())
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/scene.py:1476, in Scene.load(self, wishlist, calibration, resolution, polarization, level, modifiers, generate, unload, **kwargs)
1474 self._read_datasets_from_storage(**kwargs)
1475 if generate:
-> 1476 self.generate_possible_composites(unload)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/scene.py:1539, in Scene.generate_possible_composites(self, unload)
1532 def generate_possible_composites(self, unload):
1533 """See which composites can be generated and generate them.
1534
1535 Args:
1536 unload (bool): if the dependencies of the composites
1537 should be unloaded after successful generation.
1538 """
-> 1539 keepables = self._generate_composites_from_loaded_datasets()
1541 if self.missing_datasets:
1542 self._remove_failed_datasets(keepables)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/scene.py:1558, in Scene._generate_composites_from_loaded_datasets(self)
1555 trunk_nodes = self._dependency_tree.trunk(limit_nodes_to=self.missing_datasets,
1556 limit_children_to=self._datasets.keys())
1557 needed_comp_nodes = set(self._filter_loaded_datasets_from_trunk_nodes(trunk_nodes))
-> 1558 return self._generate_composites_nodes_from_loaded_datasets(needed_comp_nodes)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/scene.py:1564, in Scene._generate_composites_nodes_from_loaded_datasets(self, compositor_nodes)
1562 keepables = set()
1563 for node in compositor_nodes:
-> 1564 self._generate_composite(node, keepables)
1565 return keepables
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/scene.py:1588, in Scene._generate_composite(self, comp_node, keepables)
1586 try:
1587 delayed_prereq = False
-> 1588 prereq_datasets = self._get_prereq_datasets(
1589 comp_node.name,
1590 prereqs,
1591 keepables,
1592 )
1593 except DelayedGeneration:
1594 # if we are missing a required dependency that could be generated
1595 # later then we need to wait to return until after we've also
1596 # processed the optional dependencies
1597 delayed_prereq = True
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/scene.py:1670, in Scene._get_prereq_datasets(self, comp_id, prereq_nodes, keepables, skip)
1667 prereq_id = prereq_node.name
1668 if prereq_id not in self._datasets and prereq_id not in keepables \
1669 and isinstance(prereq_node, CompositorNode):
-> 1670 self._generate_composite(prereq_node, keepables)
1672 # composite generation may have updated the DataID
1673 prereq_id = prereq_node.name
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/scene.py:1622, in Scene._generate_composite(self, comp_node, keepables)
1619 return
1621 try:
-> 1622 composite = compositor(prereq_datasets,
1623 optional_datasets=optional_datasets,
1624 **comp_node.name.to_dict())
1625 cid = DataID.new_id_from_dataarray(composite)
1626 self._datasets[cid] = composite
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/modifiers/parallax.py:518, in ParallaxCorrectionModifier.__call__(self, projectables, optional_datasets, **info)
516 base_area = to_be_corrected.attrs["area"]
517 corrector = self._get_corrector(base_area)
--> 518 plax_corr_area = corrector(
519 cth,
520 cth_resampler=self.attrs.get("cth_resampler", "nearest"),
521 cth_radius_of_influence=self.attrs.get("cth_radius_of_influence", 50_000),
522 lonlat_chunks=self.attrs.get("lonlat_chunks", 1024),
523 )
524 res = resample_dataset(
525 to_be_corrected, plax_corr_area,
526 radius_of_influence=self.attrs.get("dataset_radius_of_influence", 50_000),
527 fill_value=np.nan)
528 res.attrs["area"] = to_be_corrected.attrs["area"]
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/modifiers/parallax.py:280, in ParallaxCorrection.__call__(self, cth_dataset, **kwargs)
269 """Apply parallax correction to dataset.
270
271 Args:
(...) 277 lat/lon coordinates.
278 """
279 self.diagnostics.clear()
--> 280 return self.corrected_area(cth_dataset, **kwargs)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/modifiers/parallax.py:318, in ParallaxCorrection.corrected_area(self, cth_dataset, cth_resampler, cth_radius_of_influence, lonlat_chunks)
286 """Return the parallax corrected SwathDefinition.
287
288 Using the cloud top heights provided in ``cth_dataset``, calculate the
(...) 313 corrected geolocation.
314 """
315 logger.debug("Calculating parallax correction using heights from "
316 f"{cth_dataset.attrs.get('name', cth_dataset.name)!s}, "
317 f"with base area {self.base_area.name!s}.")
--> 318 (sat_lon, sat_lat, sat_alt_m) = _get_satpos_from_cth(cth_dataset)
319 self._check_overlap(cth_dataset)
321 cth_dataset = self._prepare_cth_dataset(
322 cth_dataset, resampler=cth_resampler,
323 radius_of_influence=cth_radius_of_influence,
324 lonlat_chunks=lonlat_chunks)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/modifiers/parallax.py:551, in _get_satpos_from_cth(cth_dataset)
544 def _get_satpos_from_cth(cth_dataset):
545 """Obtain satellite position from CTH dataset, height in meter.
546
547 From a CTH dataset, obtain the satellite position lon, lat, altitude/m,
548 either directly from orbital parameters, or, when missing, from the
549 platform name using pyorbital and skyfield.
550 """
--> 551 (sat_lon, sat_lat, sat_alt_km) = get_satpos(
552 cth_dataset, use_tle=True)
553 return (sat_lon, sat_lat, sat_alt_km * 1000)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/utils.py:365, in get_satpos(data_arr, preference, use_tle)
361 if use_tle:
362 logger.warning(
363 "Orbital parameters missing from metadata. "
364 "Calculating from TLE using skyfield and astropy.")
--> 365 return _get_satpos_from_platform_name(data_arr)
366 raise KeyError("Unable to determine satellite position. Either the "
367 "reader doesn't provide that information or "
368 "geolocation datasets were not available.")
369 return lon, lat, alt
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/utils.py:426, in _get_satpos_from_platform_name(cth_dataset)
423 from skyfield.toposlib import wgs84
425 name = cth_dataset.attrs["platform_name"]
--> 426 tle = tlefile.read(name)
427 es = EarthSatellite(tle.line1, tle.line2, name)
428 ts = load.timescale()
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyorbital/tlefile.py:150, in read(platform, tle_file, line1, line2)
142 def read(platform, tle_file=None, line1=None, line2=None):
143 """Read TLE for *platform*.
144
145 The data are read from *tle_file*, from *line1* and *line2*, from
(...) 148
149 """
--> 150 return Tle(platform, tle_file=tle_file, line1=line1, line2=line2)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyorbital/tlefile.py:200, in Tle.__init__(self, platform, tle_file, line1, line2)
197 self.mean_motion = None
198 self.orbit = None
--> 200 self._read_tle()
201 self._checksum()
202 self._parse_tle()
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyorbital/tlefile.py:238, in Tle._read_tle(self)
236 else:
237 uris, open_func = _get_uris_and_open_func(tle_file=self._tle_file)
--> 238 tle = _get_first_tle(uris, open_func, platform=self._platform)
240 if not tle:
241 raise KeyError("Found no TLE entry for '%s'" % self._platform)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyorbital/tlefile.py:334, in _get_first_tle(uris, open_func, platform)
333 def _get_first_tle(uris, open_func, platform=""):
--> 334 return _get_tles_from_uris(uris, open_func, platform=platform, only_first=True)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyorbital/tlefile.py:340, in _get_tles_from_uris(uris, open_func, platform, only_first)
338 tles = []
339 for url in uris:
--> 340 tles += _get_tles_from_url(url, open_func, platform, only_first)
341 if only_first:
342 if tles:
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyorbital/tlefile.py:360, in _get_tles_from_url(url, open_func, platform, only_first)
359 def _get_tles_from_url(url, open_func, platform, only_first):
--> 360 with _uri_open(url, open_func) as fid:
361 open_is_dummy = open_func == _dummy_open_stringio
362 tles = []
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/contextlib.py:137, in _GeneratorContextManager.__enter__(self)
135 del self.args, self.kwds, self.func
136 try:
--> 137 return next(self.gen)
138 except StopIteration:
139 raise RuntimeError("generator didn't yield") from None
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyorbital/tlefile.py:351, in _uri_open(uri, open_func)
348 @contextlib.contextmanager
349 def _uri_open(uri, open_func):
350 #file_obj = open_func(uri, context=context)
--> 351 file_obj = open_func(uri)
352 try:
353 yield file_obj
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:215, in urlopen(url, data, timeout, cafile, capath, cadefault, context)
213 else:
214 opener = _opener
--> 215 return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:515, in OpenerDirector.open(self, fullurl, data, timeout)
512 req = meth(req)
514 sys.audit('urllib.Request', req.full_url, req.data, req.headers, req.get_method())
--> 515 response = self._open(req, data)
517 # post-process response
518 meth_name = protocol+"_response"
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:532, in OpenerDirector._open(self, req, data)
529 return result
531 protocol = req.type
--> 532 result = self._call_chain(self.handle_open, protocol, protocol +
533 '_open', req)
534 if result:
535 return result
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:492, in OpenerDirector._call_chain(self, chain, kind, meth_name, *args)
490 for handler in handlers:
491 func = getattr(handler, meth_name)
--> 492 result = func(*args)
493 if result is not None:
494 return result
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:1392, in HTTPSHandler.https_open(self, req)
1391 def https_open(self, req):
-> 1392 return self.do_open(http.client.HTTPSConnection, req,
1393 context=self._context)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:1347, in AbstractHTTPHandler.do_open(self, http_class, req, **http_conn_args)
1344 h.request(req.get_method(), req.selector, req.data, headers,
1345 encode_chunked=req.has_header('Transfer-encoding'))
1346 except OSError as err: # timeout error
-> 1347 raise URLError(err)
1348 r = h.getresponse()
1349 except:
URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: unable to get local issuer certificate (_ssl.c:1010)>
Thank you for reporting this issue! I tested with the provided code example, and it does work for me?
Works for me also. Could it be a firewall change on your side @meteodave?
In [1]: from urllib.request import urlopen
...:
...: TLE_URLS = ['https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=active&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=weather&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROU
⋮ P=resource&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=cubesat&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=stations&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elemen
⋮ ts/gp.php?GROUP=sarsat&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=noaa&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=amateur&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORA
⋮ D/elements/gp.php?GROUP=engineering&FORMAT=tle']
...:
...: fileobject = urlopen(TLE_URLS[0])
...:
...: print(fileobject)
<http.client.HTTPResponse object at 0x7ef86bb5bcd0>
@djhoese and @mraspaud Thanks for checking. I can only get it to work like this by adding the ssl_context to point to the cert_path:
from urllib.request import urlopen
import certifi
import ssl
cert_path = certifi.where()
print(cert_path)
ssl_context = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=cert_path)
TLE_URLS = ['https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=active&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=weather&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=resource&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=cubesat&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=stations&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=sarsat&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=noaa&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=amateur&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=engineering&FORMAT=tle']
fileobject = urlopen(TLE_URLS[0],context=ssl_context)
print(fileobject)
/home/jovyan/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/certifi/cacert.pem
<http.client.HTTPResponse object at 0x7fd48567a950>
We also have a quite annoying (but secure) stuff in our ssl chains here at the institute, and I've found the "truststore" package to be helpful https://pypi.org/project/truststore/
Have you gotten it to work on your current machine on this exact network with the same python environment in the past?
I am working on an AWS instance.
platform: Linux-6.1.147-172.266.amzn2023.x86_64-x86_64-with-glibc2.35
python: 3.12.11
This is the first time trying to access TLE data using pyorbital by way of satpy.
I hopped over to another AWS instance in a different region and now urlopen works. Perhaps there is an issue with the system itself but I am surprised urlopen does not work but curl and request do. I will need to ask the sys admins about the difference. Thanks for your help.
Interesting! Good that you got it to work on another instance. As for urlopen, I would be OK with a PR replacing it with requests...
I am still waiting to hear back from the SAs. Here is the requests Python code that works for me.
#read urls
import requests
TLE_URLS = ['https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=active&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=weather&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=resource&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=cubesat&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=stations&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=sarsat&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=noaa&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=amateur&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=engineering&FORMAT=tle']
response = requests.get(TLE_URLS[0])
print(response)
<Response [200]>
Our SAs created an updated instance in AWS and now it seemed to work last week using urlopen.
When I access celestrack.org this week, the web site indicates "service unavailable." Do you have a recommended alternative web site to obtain TLE?
Pyorbital returns the following error output:
[WARNING: 2025-09-22 15:19:54 : satpy.utils] Orbital parameters missing from metadata. Calculating from TLE using skyfield and astropy.
[DEBUG: 2025-09-22 15:19:54 : pyorbital.tlefile] Fetch TLE from the internet.
[INFO: 2025-09-22 15:19:54 : pyorbital.tlefile] attempting url: ['https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=active&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=weather&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=resource&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=cubesat&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=stations&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=sarsat&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=noaa&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=amateur&FORMAT=tle', 'https://celestrak.org/NORAD/elements/gp.php?GROUP=engineering&FORMAT=tle']
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyError Traceback (most recent call last)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/utils.py:358, in get_satpos(data_arr, preference, use_tle)
357 try:
--> 358 lon, lat = _get_sat_lonlat(data_arr, lonlat_prefixes)
359 alt = _get_sat_altitude(data_arr, alt_prefixes)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/utils.py:396, in _get_sat_lonlat(data_arr, key_prefixes)
395 def _get_sat_lonlat(data_arr, key_prefixes):
--> 396 orb_params = data_arr.attrs["orbital_parameters"]
397 lon_keys = [prefix + "longitude" for prefix in key_prefixes]
KeyError: 'orbital_parameters'
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
HTTPError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[5], line 2
1 scn = Scene(filenames=filenames, reader_kwargs=reader_kwargs)
----> 2 scn.load(datasets)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/scene.py:1476, in Scene.load(self, wishlist, calibration, resolution, polarization, level, modifiers, generate, unload, **kwargs)
1474 self._read_datasets_from_storage(**kwargs)
1475 if generate:
-> 1476 self.generate_possible_composites(unload)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/scene.py:1539, in Scene.generate_possible_composites(self, unload)
1532 def generate_possible_composites(self, unload):
1533 """See which composites can be generated and generate them.
1534
1535 Args:
1536 unload (bool): if the dependencies of the composites
1537 should be unloaded after successful generation.
1538 """
-> 1539 keepables = self._generate_composites_from_loaded_datasets()
1541 if self.missing_datasets:
1542 self._remove_failed_datasets(keepables)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/scene.py:1558, in Scene._generate_composites_from_loaded_datasets(self)
1555 trunk_nodes = self._dependency_tree.trunk(limit_nodes_to=self.missing_datasets,
1556 limit_children_to=self._datasets.keys())
1557 needed_comp_nodes = set(self._filter_loaded_datasets_from_trunk_nodes(trunk_nodes))
-> 1558 return self._generate_composites_nodes_from_loaded_datasets(needed_comp_nodes)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/scene.py:1564, in Scene._generate_composites_nodes_from_loaded_datasets(self, compositor_nodes)
1562 keepables = set()
1563 for node in compositor_nodes:
-> 1564 self._generate_composite(node, keepables)
1565 return keepables
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/scene.py:1622, in Scene._generate_composite(self, comp_node, keepables)
1619 return
1621 try:
-> 1622 composite = compositor(prereq_datasets,
1623 optional_datasets=optional_datasets,
1624 **comp_node.name.to_dict())
1625 cid = DataID.new_id_from_dataarray(composite)
1626 self._datasets[cid] = composite
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/modifiers/parallax.py:518, in ParallaxCorrectionModifier.__call__(self, projectables, optional_datasets, **info)
516 base_area = to_be_corrected.attrs["area"]
517 corrector = self._get_corrector(base_area)
--> 518 plax_corr_area = corrector(
519 cth,
520 cth_resampler=self.attrs.get("cth_resampler", "nearest"),
521 cth_radius_of_influence=self.attrs.get("cth_radius_of_influence", 50_000),
522 lonlat_chunks=self.attrs.get("lonlat_chunks", 1024),
523 )
524 res = resample_dataset(
525 to_be_corrected, plax_corr_area,
526 radius_of_influence=self.attrs.get("dataset_radius_of_influence", 50_000),
527 fill_value=np.nan)
528 res.attrs["area"] = to_be_corrected.attrs["area"]
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/modifiers/parallax.py:280, in ParallaxCorrection.__call__(self, cth_dataset, **kwargs)
269 """Apply parallax correction to dataset.
270
271 Args:
(...) 277 lat/lon coordinates.
278 """
279 self.diagnostics.clear()
--> 280 return self.corrected_area(cth_dataset, **kwargs)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/modifiers/parallax.py:318, in ParallaxCorrection.corrected_area(self, cth_dataset, cth_resampler, cth_radius_of_influence, lonlat_chunks)
286 """Return the parallax corrected SwathDefinition.
287
288 Using the cloud top heights provided in ``cth_dataset``, calculate the
(...) 313 corrected geolocation.
314 """
315 logger.debug("Calculating parallax correction using heights from "
316 f"{cth_dataset.attrs.get('name', cth_dataset.name)!s}, "
317 f"with base area {self.base_area.name!s}.")
--> 318 (sat_lon, sat_lat, sat_alt_m) = _get_satpos_from_cth(cth_dataset)
319 self._check_overlap(cth_dataset)
321 cth_dataset = self._prepare_cth_dataset(
322 cth_dataset, resampler=cth_resampler,
323 radius_of_influence=cth_radius_of_influence,
324 lonlat_chunks=lonlat_chunks)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/modifiers/parallax.py:551, in _get_satpos_from_cth(cth_dataset)
544 def _get_satpos_from_cth(cth_dataset):
545 """Obtain satellite position from CTH dataset, height in meter.
546
547 From a CTH dataset, obtain the satellite position lon, lat, altitude/m,
548 either directly from orbital parameters, or, when missing, from the
549 platform name using pyorbital and skyfield.
550 """
--> 551 (sat_lon, sat_lat, sat_alt_km) = get_satpos(
552 cth_dataset, use_tle=True)
553 return (sat_lon, sat_lat, sat_alt_km * 1000)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/utils.py:365, in get_satpos(data_arr, preference, use_tle)
361 if use_tle:
362 logger.warning(
363 "Orbital parameters missing from metadata. "
364 "Calculating from TLE using skyfield and astropy.")
--> 365 return _get_satpos_from_platform_name(data_arr)
366 raise KeyError("Unable to determine satellite position. Either the "
367 "reader doesn't provide that information or "
368 "geolocation datasets were not available.")
369 return lon, lat, alt
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/satpy/utils.py:426, in _get_satpos_from_platform_name(cth_dataset)
423 from skyfield.toposlib import wgs84
425 name = cth_dataset.attrs["platform_name"]
--> 426 tle = tlefile.read(name)
427 es = EarthSatellite(tle.line1, tle.line2, name)
428 ts = load.timescale()
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyorbital/tlefile.py:150, in read(platform, tle_file, line1, line2)
142 def read(platform, tle_file=None, line1=None, line2=None):
143 """Read TLE for *platform*.
144
145 The data are read from *tle_file*, from *line1* and *line2*, from
(...) 148
149 """
--> 150 return Tle(platform, tle_file=tle_file, line1=line1, line2=line2)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyorbital/tlefile.py:200, in Tle.__init__(self, platform, tle_file, line1, line2)
197 self.mean_motion = None
198 self.orbit = None
--> 200 self._read_tle()
201 self._checksum()
202 self._parse_tle()
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyorbital/tlefile.py:238, in Tle._read_tle(self)
236 else:
237 uris, open_func = _get_uris_and_open_func(tle_file=self._tle_file)
--> 238 tle = _get_first_tle(uris, open_func, platform=self._platform)
240 if not tle:
241 raise KeyError("Found no TLE entry for '%s'" % self._platform)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyorbital/tlefile.py:334, in _get_first_tle(uris, open_func, platform)
333 def _get_first_tle(uris, open_func, platform=""):
--> 334 return _get_tles_from_uris(uris, open_func, platform=platform, only_first=True)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyorbital/tlefile.py:340, in _get_tles_from_uris(uris, open_func, platform, only_first)
338 tles = []
339 for url in uris:
--> 340 tles += _get_tles_from_url(url, open_func, platform, only_first)
341 if only_first:
342 if tles:
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyorbital/tlefile.py:360, in _get_tles_from_url(url, open_func, platform, only_first)
359 def _get_tles_from_url(url, open_func, platform, only_first):
--> 360 with _uri_open(url, open_func) as fid:
361 open_is_dummy = open_func == _dummy_open_stringio
362 tles = []
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/contextlib.py:137, in _GeneratorContextManager.__enter__(self)
135 del self.args, self.kwds, self.func
136 try:
--> 137 return next(self.gen)
138 except StopIteration:
139 raise RuntimeError("generator didn't yield") from None
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/site-packages/pyorbital/tlefile.py:350, in _uri_open(uri, open_func)
348 @contextlib.contextmanager
349 def _uri_open(uri, open_func):
--> 350 file_obj = open_func(uri, context=context)
351 #file_obj = open_func(uri)
352 try:
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:215, in urlopen(url, data, timeout, cafile, capath, cadefault, context)
213 else:
214 opener = _opener
--> 215 return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:521, in OpenerDirector.open(self, fullurl, data, timeout)
519 for processor in self.process_response.get(protocol, []):
520 meth = getattr(processor, meth_name)
--> 521 response = meth(req, response)
523 return response
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:630, in HTTPErrorProcessor.http_response(self, request, response)
627 # According to RFC 2616, "2xx" code indicates that the client's
628 # request was successfully received, understood, and accepted.
629 if not (200 <= code < 300):
--> 630 response = self.parent.error(
631 'http', request, response, code, msg, hdrs)
633 return response
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:559, in OpenerDirector.error(self, proto, *args)
557 if http_err:
558 args = (dict, 'default', 'http_error_default') + orig_args
--> 559 return self._call_chain(*args)
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:492, in OpenerDirector._call_chain(self, chain, kind, meth_name, *args)
490 for handler in handlers:
491 func = getattr(handler, meth_name)
--> 492 result = func(*args)
493 if result is not None:
494 return result
File ~/conda_virtual/tobac-1.6.1/lib/python3.12/urllib/request.py:639, in HTTPDefaultErrorHandler.http_error_default(self, req, fp, code, msg, hdrs)
638 def http_error_default(self, req, fp, code, msg, hdrs):
--> 639 raise HTTPError(req.full_url, code, msg, hdrs, fp)
HTTPError: HTTP Error 503: Service Unavailable
celestrak.org is throttled, so trying to connect to many times can mean a temporary ban (a few hours). We also use spacetrack at our institute, but it requires a login
celestrak.org links do not respond from multiple domains so they perhaps have an issue providing TLEs today. Thank you for the spacetrack tip.