deps: Add set -x for installation commands

[seemethere]

Adds set -x for all installation commands in install_requirements.sh so that users can see what's actually being installed and can help debug when they run into any issues.

NOTE: This doesn't turn it on for all of the script (since that'd be overbearing) but rather turns it on specifically when installing things.

This also adds "set -eou pipefail" to the top of the script which is a recommended paradigm for all bash scripts since it adds things like error on exit, error on undefined variable, and propagation of errors on pipe failure.

https://explainshell.com/explain?cmd=set+-euo+pipefail