Reject ParamSpec-typed callables calls with insufficient arguments

[sterliakov]

Fixes #14571.

When type checking a call of a ParamSpec-typed callable, currently there is an incorrect "fast path" (if there are two arguments of shape (*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs), accept), which breaks with Concatenate (such call was accepted even for Concatenate[int, P]).

Also there was no checking that args and kwargs are actually present: since *args and **kwargs are not required, their absence was silently accepted.

[github-actions[bot]]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

pandas (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas)
+ pandas/core/nanops.py:799: error: No overload variant of "apply_along_axis" matches argument types "Callable[[Any, Any], Any]", "int", "Any"  [call-overload]
+ pandas/core/nanops.py:799: note: Possible overload variants:
+ pandas/core/nanops.py:799: note:     def [_P`-1, _SCT <: generic] apply_along_axis(func1d: Callable[[ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]], **_P], _SupportsArray[dtype[_SCT]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[_SCT]]]], axis: SupportsIndex, arr: _SupportsArray[dtype[Any]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[Any]]] | bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes | _NestedSequence[bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes], *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> ndarray[Any, dtype[_SCT]]
+ pandas/core/nanops.py:799: note:     def [_P`-1] apply_along_axis(func1d: Callable[[ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]], **_P], _SupportsArray[dtype[Any]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[Any]]] | bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes | _NestedSequence[bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes]], axis: SupportsIndex, arr: _SupportsArray[dtype[Any]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[Any]]] | bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes | _NestedSequence[bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes], *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]]
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: error: No overload variant of "apply_along_axis" matches argument types "Callable[[ndarray[Any, Any]], None]", "int", "ndarray[Any, Any]"  [call-overload]
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note: Possible overload variants:
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note:     def [_P`-1, _SCT <: generic] apply_along_axis(func1d: Callable[[ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]], **_P], _SupportsArray[dtype[_SCT]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[_SCT]]]], axis: SupportsIndex, arr: _SupportsArray[dtype[Any]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[Any]]] | bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes | _NestedSequence[bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes], *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> ndarray[Any, dtype[_SCT]]
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note:     def [_P`-1] apply_along_axis(func1d: Callable[[ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]], **_P], _SupportsArray[dtype[Any]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[Any]]] | bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes | _NestedSequence[bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes]], axis: SupportsIndex, arr: _SupportsArray[dtype[Any]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[Any]]] | bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes | _NestedSequence[bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes], *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]]

starlette (https://github.com/encode/starlette)
+ starlette/concurrency.py:41: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

optuna (https://github.com/optuna/optuna)
+ optuna/_convert_positional_args.py:83: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

pandas-stubs (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas-stubs)
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: note:     def [P`33483, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3061: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: note:     def [P`33491, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3068: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:164: error: Expression is of type "Any", not "DataFrame"  [assert-type]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:164: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument type "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame]], DataFrame]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:164: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:164: note:     def [P`35729, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:164: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:170: error: Expression is of type "Any", not "DataFrame"  [assert-type]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:170: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument type "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame]], DataFrame]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:170: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:170: note:     def [P`35744, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:170: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:176: error: Expression is of type "Any", not "Series[Any]"  [assert-type]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:176: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument type "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame]], Series[Any]]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:176: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:176: note:     def [P`35759, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:176: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:182: error: Expression is of type "Any", not "float"  [assert-type]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:182: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument type "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame]], float]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:182: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:182: note:     def [P`35774, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:182: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note:     def [P`35892, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:241: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note:     def [P`35902, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:248: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:378: error: Expression is of type "Any", not "Series[Any]"  [assert-type]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:378: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument type "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[Series[Any]]], Series[Any]]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:378: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:378: note:     def [P`36157, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[Series[Any]], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:378: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:384: error: Expression is of type "Any", not "float"  [assert-type]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:384: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument type "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[Series[Any]]], float]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:384: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:384: note:     def [P`36172, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[Series[Any]], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:384: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:390: error: Expression is of type "Any", not "DataFrame"  [assert-type]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:390: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument type "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[Series[Any]]], DataFrame]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:390: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:390: note:     def [P`36189, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[Series[Any]], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:390: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_groupby.py:293: error: Expression is of type "Any", not "DataFrame"  [assert-type]
+ tests/test_groupby.py:293: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument type "Callable[[Resampler[DataFrame]], DataFrame]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_groupby.py:293: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_groupby.py:293: note:     def [P`42298, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResamplerGroupby[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_groupby.py:293: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_groupby.py:293: note:     def [P`42303, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[PeriodIndexResamplerGroupby[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_groupby.py:293: note:     def [P`42308, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[TimedeltaIndexResamplerGroupby[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_groupby.py:299: error: Expression is of type "Any", not "Series[Any]"  [assert-type]
+ tests/test_groupby.py:299: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument type "Callable[[Resampler[DataFrame]], Series[Any]]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_groupby.py:299: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_groupby.py:299: note:     def [P`42353, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResamplerGroupby[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_groupby.py:299: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_groupby.py:299: note:     def [P`42358, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[PeriodIndexResamplerGroupby[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T

... (truncated 39 lines) ...

trio (https://github.com/python-trio/trio)
+ src/trio/_core/_thread_cache.py:163: error: No overload variant of "capture" matches argument type "Callable[[], RetT]"  [call-overload]
+ src/trio/_core/_thread_cache.py:163: note: Possible overload variants:
+ src/trio/_core/_thread_cache.py:163: note:     def [ArgsT`-1] capture(sync_fn: Callable[ArgsT, Never], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Error
+ src/trio/_core/_thread_cache.py:163: note:     def [ArgsT`-1, ResultT] capture(sync_fn: Callable[ArgsT, ResultT], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Union[Value[ResultT], Error]
+ src/trio/_core/_run.py:1116: error: No overload variant of "capture" matches argument type "Callable[[], Never]"  [call-overload]
+ src/trio/_core/_run.py:1116: note: Possible overload variants:
+ src/trio/_core/_run.py:1116: note:     def [ArgsT`-1] capture(sync_fn: Callable[ArgsT, Never], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Error
+ src/trio/_core/_run.py:1116: note:     def [ArgsT`-1, ResultT] capture(sync_fn: Callable[ArgsT, ResultT], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Union[Value[ResultT], Error]
+ src/trio/_core/_run.py:1445: error: No overload variant of "capture" matches argument type "Callable[[], Never]"  [call-overload]
+ src/trio/_core/_run.py:1445: note: Possible overload variants:
+ src/trio/_core/_run.py:1445: note:     def [ArgsT`-1] capture(sync_fn: Callable[ArgsT, Never], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Error
+ src/trio/_core/_run.py:1445: note:     def [ArgsT`-1, ResultT] capture(sync_fn: Callable[ArgsT, ResultT], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Union[Value[ResultT], Error]
+ src/trio/_core/_run.py:1559: error: No overload variant of "capture" matches argument types "Callable[[float], List[Tuple[int, int]]]", "int"  [call-overload]
+ src/trio/_core/_run.py:1559: note: Possible overload variants:
+ src/trio/_core/_run.py:1559: note:     def [ArgsT`-1] capture(sync_fn: Callable[ArgsT, Never], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Error
+ src/trio/_core/_run.py:1559: note:     def [ArgsT`-1, ResultT] capture(sync_fn: Callable[ArgsT, ResultT], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Union[Value[ResultT], Error]
+ src/trio/_threads.py:171: error: No overload variant of "acapture" matches argument type "Callable[[], Coroutine[Any, Any, RetT]]"  [call-overload]
+ src/trio/_threads.py:171: note: Possible overload variants:
+ src/trio/_threads.py:171: note:     def [ArgsT`-1] acapture(async_fn: Callable[ArgsT, Awaitable[Never]], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, Error]
+ src/trio/_threads.py:171: note:     def [ArgsT`-1, ResultT] acapture(async_fn: Callable[ArgsT, Awaitable[ResultT]], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, Union[Value[ResultT], Error]]
+ src/trio/_threads.py:177: error: No overload variant of "acapture" matches argument type "Callable[[], Coroutine[Any, Any, RetT]]"  [call-overload]
+ src/trio/_threads.py:177: note: Possible overload variants:
+ src/trio/_threads.py:177: note:     def [ArgsT`-1] acapture(async_fn: Callable[ArgsT, Awaitable[Never]], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, Error]
+ src/trio/_threads.py:177: note:     def [ArgsT`-1, ResultT] acapture(async_fn: Callable[ArgsT, Awaitable[ResultT]], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, Union[Value[ResultT], Error]]
+ src/trio/_threads.py:230: error: No overload variant of "capture" matches argument type "Callable[[], RetT]"  [call-overload]
+ src/trio/_threads.py:230: note: Possible overload variants:
+ src/trio/_threads.py:230: note:     def [ArgsT`-1] capture(sync_fn: Callable[ArgsT, Never], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Error
+ src/trio/_threads.py:230: note:     def [ArgsT`-1, ResultT] capture(sync_fn: Callable[ArgsT, ResultT], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Union[Value[ResultT], Error]
+ src/trio/_threads.py:402: error: No overload variant of "capture" matches argument type "Callable[[], RetT]"  [call-overload]
+ src/trio/_threads.py:402: note: Possible overload variants:
+ src/trio/_threads.py:402: note:     def [ArgsT`-1] capture(sync_fn: Callable[ArgsT, Never], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Error
+ src/trio/_threads.py:402: note:     def [ArgsT`-1, ResultT] capture(sync_fn: Callable[ArgsT, ResultT], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Union[Value[ResultT], Error]
+ src/trio/_core/_tests/test_ki.py:412: error: No overload variant of "capture" matches argument type "Callable[[], Never]"  [call-overload]
+ src/trio/_core/_tests/test_ki.py:412: note: Possible overload variants:
+ src/trio/_core/_tests/test_ki.py:412: note:     def [ArgsT`-1] capture(sync_fn: Callable[ArgsT, Never], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Error
+ src/trio/_core/_tests/test_ki.py:412: note:     def [ArgsT`-1, ResultT] capture(sync_fn: Callable[ArgsT, ResultT], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Union[Value[ResultT], Error]
+ src/trio/_tests/test_timeouts.py:17: error: No overload variant of "acapture" matches argument type "Callable[[], Awaitable[T]]"  [call-overload]
+ src/trio/_tests/test_timeouts.py:17: note: Possible overload variants:
+ src/trio/_tests/test_timeouts.py:17: note:     def [ArgsT`-1] acapture(async_fn: Callable[ArgsT, Awaitable[Never]], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, Error]
+ src/trio/_tests/test_timeouts.py:17: note:     def [ArgsT`-1, ResultT] acapture(async_fn: Callable[ArgsT, Awaitable[ResultT]], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, Union[Value[ResultT], Error]]
+ src/trio/_tests/test_timeouts.py:41: error: Returning Any from function declared to return "T"  [no-any-return]
+ src/trio/_core/_tests/test_run.py:1469: error: No overload variant of "capture" matches argument type "Callable[[], Never]"  [call-overload]
+ src/trio/_core/_tests/test_run.py:1469: note: Possible overload variants:
+ src/trio/_core/_tests/test_run.py:1469: note:     def [ArgsT`-1] capture(sync_fn: Callable[ArgsT, Never], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Error
+ src/trio/_core/_tests/test_run.py:1469: note:     def [ArgsT`-1, ResultT] capture(sync_fn: Callable[ArgsT, ResultT], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Union[Value[ResultT], Error]
+ src/trio/_core/_tests/test_run.py:1486: error: No overload variant of "capture" matches argument type "Callable[[], Never]"  [call-overload]
+ src/trio/_core/_tests/test_run.py:1486: note: Possible overload variants:
+ src/trio/_core/_tests/test_run.py:1486: note:     def [ArgsT`-1] capture(sync_fn: Callable[ArgsT, Never], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Error
+ src/trio/_core/_tests/test_run.py:1486: note:     def [ArgsT`-1, ResultT] capture(sync_fn: Callable[ArgsT, ResultT], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Union[Value[ResultT], Error]
+ src/trio/_core/_tests/test_run.py:2246: error: No overload variant of "acapture" matches argument types "Callable[[Outcome[Any]], Coroutine[Any, Any, Any]]", "Outcome[None]"  [call-overload]
+ src/trio/_core/_tests/test_run.py:2246: note: Possible overload variants:
+ src/trio/_core/_tests/test_run.py:2246: note:     def [ArgsT`-1] acapture(async_fn: Callable[ArgsT, Awaitable[Never]], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, Error]
+ src/trio/_core/_tests/test_run.py:2246: note:     def [ArgsT`-1, ResultT] acapture(async_fn: Callable[ArgsT, Awaitable[ResultT]], *args: ArgsT.args, **kwargs: ArgsT.kwargs) -> Coroutine[Any, Any, Union[Value[ResultT], Error]]

pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg)
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py: note: In function "connect":
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py:124: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py: note: At top level:

scrapy (https://github.com/scrapy/scrapy)
+ scrapy/core/spidermw.py:303: error: No overload variant of "mustbe_deferred" matches argument types "Callable[[Callable[[Response | Any, Request, Spider], Any], Response, Request, Spider], Any]", "Callable[[Response | Any, Request, Spider], Any]", "Response", "Request", "Spider"  [call-overload]
+ scrapy/core/spidermw.py:303: note: Possible overload variants:
+ scrapy/core/spidermw.py:303: note:     def [_P`-1, _T] mustbe_deferred(f: Callable[_P, Any], *args: _P.args, **kw: _P.kwargs) -> Any
+ scrapy/core/spidermw.py:303: note:     def [_P`-1, _T] mustbe_deferred(f: Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _T]], *args: _P.args, **kw: _P.kwargs) -> Any
+ scrapy/core/spidermw.py:303: note:     def [_P`-1, _T] mustbe_deferred(f: Callable[_P, _T], *args: _P.args, **kw: _P.kwargs) -> Any
+ scrapy/core/downloader/middleware.py:101: error: No overload variant of "mustbe_deferred" matches argument types "Any", "Request"  [call-overload]
+ scrapy/core/downloader/middleware.py:101: note: Possible overload variants:
+ scrapy/core/downloader/middleware.py:101: note:     def [_P`-1, _T] mustbe_deferred(f: Callable[_P, Any], *args: _P.args, **kw: _P.kwargs) -> Any
+ scrapy/core/downloader/middleware.py:101: note:     def [_P`-1, _T] mustbe_deferred(f: Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _T]], *args: _P.args, **kw: _P.kwargs) -> Any
+ scrapy/core/downloader/middleware.py:101: note:     def [_P`-1, _T] mustbe_deferred(f: Callable[_P, _T], *args: _P.args, **kw: _P.kwargs) -> Any
+ scrapy/core/downloader/__init__.py:215: error: No overload variant of "mustbe_deferred" matches argument types "Callable[[Request, Spider], Any]", "Request", "Spider"  [call-overload]
+ scrapy/core/downloader/__init__.py:215: note: Possible overload variants:
+ scrapy/core/downloader/__init__.py:215: note:     def [_P`-1, _T] mustbe_deferred(f: Callable[_P, Any], *args: _P.args, **kw: _P.kwargs) -> Any
+ scrapy/core/downloader/__init__.py:215: note:     def [_P`-1, _T] mustbe_deferred(f: Callable[_P, Coroutine[Any, Any, _T]], *args: _P.args, **kw: _P.kwargs) -> Any
+ scrapy/core/downloader/__init__.py:215: note:     def [_P`-1, _T] mustbe_deferred(f: Callable[_P, _T], *args: _P.args, **kw: _P.kwargs) -> Any

[sterliakov]

Is the terrific Windows failure at test teardown really caused by my changes?..

[JelleZijlstra]

Is the terrific Windows failure at test teardown really caused by my changes?..

Probably not, I think I've seen that one before.

Separately, thanks for the PR! It would be good if you could go through the new errors in mypy-primer to check whether they are correct or false positives.

[sterliakov]

There is one severe false positive, caused by overload. I have a test case for it now and will try to resolve this problem tomorrow, then go through the rest. New errors in trio and scrapy are caused by that.

[case testRunParamSpecOverload]
from typing_extensions import ParamSpec, Concatenate
from typing import Callable, overload, NoReturn, TypeVar, Union

P = ParamSpec("P")
T = TypeVar("T")

@overload
def capture(
    sync_fn: Callable[P, NoReturn],
    *args: P.args,
    **kwargs: P.kwargs,
) -> int: ...
@overload
def capture(
    sync_fn: Callable[P, T],
    *args: P.args,
    **kwargs: P.kwargs,
) -> Union[T, int]: ...
def capture(
    sync_fn: Callable[P, T],
    *args: P.args,
    **kwargs: P.kwargs,
) -> Union[T, int]:
    return sync_fn(*args, **kwargs)

def fn() -> int: return 1
capture(fn)

[builtins fixtures/paramspec.pyi]

[github-actions[bot]]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

CPython (Argument Clinic) (https://github.com/python/cpython)
+ Tools/clinic/libclinic/codegen.py:301: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "Include"  [type-var]

python-chess (https://github.com/niklasf/python-chess)
+ chess/polyglot.py:450: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "Iterator[Entry]"  [type-var]
+ chess/gaviota.py:1844: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "min" cannot be "dict[tuple[str, int, int], TableBlock]"  [type-var]

porcupine (https://github.com/Akuli/porcupine)
+ porcupine/tabs.py:120: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "Generator[int, None, None]"  [type-var]
+ porcupine/pluginmanager.py:127: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "PluginInfo"  [type-var]
+ porcupine/plugins/jump_to_definition.py:88: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "LocationRange"  [type-var]

pip (https://github.com/pypa/pip)
+ src/pip/_internal/models/wheel.py:84: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "min" cannot be "Generator[int, None, None]"  [type-var]
+ src/pip/_internal/utils/misc.py:294: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "map[int]"  [type-var]
+ src/pip/_internal/vcs/versioncontrol.py:232: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "dict[str, VersionControl]"  [type-var]
+ src/pip/_internal/req/req_set.py:22: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "InstallRequirement"  [type-var]
+ src/pip/_internal/req/req_set.py:29: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "InstallRequirement"  [type-var]
+ src/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py:479: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "InstallationCandidate"  [type-var]
+ src/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py:560: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "InstallationCandidate"  [type-var]
- src/pip/_internal/network/download.py:110: error: Argument 1 to "splitext" has incompatible type "Any | None"; expected "PathLike[Any]"  [arg-type]
+ src/pip/_internal/operations/freeze.py:142: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "FrozenRequirement"  [type-var]
+ src/pip/_internal/network/download.py:110: error: Value of type variable "AnyOrLiteralStr" of "splitext" cannot be "Any | None"  [type-var]
+ src/pip/_internal/commands/list.py:278: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "_DistWithLatestInfo"  [type-var]
+ src/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/provider.py:170: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "min" cannot be "Generator[float, None, None]"  [type-var]
+ src/pip/_internal/resolution/resolvelib/resolver.py:111: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "Candidate"  [type-var]

mitmproxy (https://github.com/mitmproxy/mitmproxy)
+ mitmproxy/tools/console/common.py:64: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "Generator[int, None, None]"  [type-var]
+ mitmproxy/contentviews/base.py:83: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "Generator[int, None, None]"  [type-var]
+ mitmproxy/contentviews/auto.py:11: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "Generator[tuple[float, View], None, None]"  [type-var]
+ mitmproxy/tools/console/overlay.py:105: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "Generator[int, None, None]"  [type-var]
+ mitmproxy/tools/console/options.py:97: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "Generator[int, None, None]"  [type-var]
+ mitmproxy/tools/console/options.py:104: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "Generator[int, None, None]"  [type-var]

check-jsonschema (https://github.com/python-jsonschema/check-jsonschema)
+ src/check_jsonschema/reporter.py:229: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "Iterator[ValidationError]"  [type-var]
+ src/check_jsonschema/reporter.py:229: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "ValidationError"  [type-var]

comtypes (https://github.com/enthought/comtypes)
+ comtypes/test/test_findgendir.py:47: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch" cannot be "Callable[[Test], Any]"  [type-var]
+ comtypes/test/test_findgendir.py:60: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch" cannot be "Callable[[Test], Any]"  [type-var]
+ comtypes/test/test_findgendir.py:71: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch" cannot be "Callable[[Test], Any]"  [type-var]
+ comtypes/test/test_clear_cache.py:15: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[ClearCacheTestCase, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ comtypes/test/test_clear_cache.py:15: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch" cannot be "Callable[..., Any]"  [type-var]
+ comtypes/test/test_outparam.py:56: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch" cannot be "Callable[[Test], Any]"  [type-var]

pylint (https://github.com/pycqa/pylint)
+ pylint/pyreverse/diagrams.py:96: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "Relationship"  [type-var]
+ pylint/pyreverse/writer.py:61: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "PackageEntity"  [type-var]
+ pylint/message/message_definition_store.py:112: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "MessageDefinition"  [type-var]
+ pylint/config/config_file_parser.py:104: error: Value of type variable "AnyStr" of "expandvars" cannot be "Path"  [type-var]
+ pylint/config/arguments_manager.py:244: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "_ArgumentGroup"  [type-var]
+ pylint/config/arguments_manager.py:259: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "Action"  [type-var]
+ pylint/config/arguments_manager.py:312: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "_ArgumentGroup"  [type-var]
+ pylint/config/arguments_manager.py:330: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "Action"  [type-var]
+ pylint/checkers/similar.py:509: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "LinesChunk"  [type-var]
+ pylint/checkers/similar.py:517: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "LinesChunk"  [type-var]
+ pylint/checkers/base/name_checker/checker.py:349: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "min" cannot be "Generator[Any, None, None]"  [type-var]

psycopg (https://github.com/psycopg/psycopg)
+ tests/test_tpc_async.py:6: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_tpc.py:9: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_generators.py:48: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_generators.py:48: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_generators.py:147: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_cursor_server.py:11: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_cursor_server.py:41: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_cursor_server.py:41: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_cursor_server.py:358: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_cursor_server.py:358: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_cursor_server.py:444: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_cursor_server.py:444: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_cursor_server.py:462: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_cursor_server.py:462: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_cursor_server.py:496: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_cursor_server.py:496: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_concurrency_async.py:69: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_concurrency_async.py:70: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_concurrency_async.py:94: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_concurrency_async.py:95: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_concurrency_async.py:120: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_concurrency_async.py:122: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_concurrency_async.py:147: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_concurrency_async.py:153: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_concurrency_async.py:202: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_concurrency_async.py:207: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_concurrency_async.py:321: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_concurrency_async.py:322: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_concurrency.py:111: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_concurrency.py:113: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_concurrency.py:165: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_concurrency.py:166: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_concurrency.py:189: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_concurrency.py:190: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_concurrency.py:214: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_concurrency.py:214: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_concurrency.py:240: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_concurrency.py:246: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_concurrency.py:298: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_concurrency.py:303: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_concurrency.py:440: error: "str" not callable  [operator]
+ tests/test_concurrency.py:441: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:26: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:26: error: Argument "marks" to "param" has incompatible type "str"; expected "MarkDecorator | Collection[MarkDecorator | Mark]"  [arg-type]
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:26: note: Following member(s) of "str" have conflicts:
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:26: note:     Expected:
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:26: note:         def __contains__(self, object, /) -> bool
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:26: note:     Got:
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:26: note:         def __contains__(self, str, /) -> bool
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:26: note:     Expected:
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:26: note:         def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[MarkDecorator | Mark]
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:26: note:     Got:
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:26: note:         def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:39: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:39: error: Argument "marks" to "param" has incompatible type "str"; expected "MarkDecorator | Collection[MarkDecorator | Mark]"  [arg-type]
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:39: note: Following member(s) of "str" have conflicts:
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:39: note:     Expected:
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:39: note:         def __contains__(self, object, /) -> bool
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:39: note:     Got:
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:39: note:         def __contains__(self, str, /) -> bool
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:39: note:     Expected:
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:39: note:         def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[MarkDecorator | Mark]
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:39: note:     Got:
+ tests/test_capabilities.py:39: note:         def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]
+ tests/fix_faker.py:72: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "type"  [type-var]
+ tests/_test_transaction.py:7: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/_test_connection.py:66: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/_test_connection.py:66: error: Argument "marks" to "param" has incompatible type "str"; expected "MarkDecorator | Collection[MarkDecorator | Mark]"  [arg-type]
+ tests/_test_connection.py:66: note: Following member(s) of "str" have conflicts:
+ tests/_test_connection.py:66: note:     Expected:
+ tests/_test_connection.py:66: note:         def __contains__(self, object, /) -> bool
+ tests/_test_connection.py:66: note:     Got:
+ tests/_test_connection.py:66: note:         def __contains__(self, str, /) -> bool
+ tests/_test_connection.py:66: note:     Expected:
+ tests/_test_connection.py:66: note:         def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[MarkDecorator | Mark]
+ tests/_test_connection.py:66: note:     Got:
+ tests/_test_connection.py:66: note:         def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]
+ tests/_test_connection.py:72: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: error: Argument "marks" to "param" has incompatible type "str"; expected "MarkDecorator | Collection[MarkDecorator | Mark]"  [arg-type]
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: note: Following member(s) of "str" have conflicts:
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: note:     Expected:
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: note:         def __contains__(self, object, /) -> bool
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: note:     Got:
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: note:         def __contains__(self, str, /) -> bool
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: note:     Expected:
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: note:         def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[MarkDecorator | Mark]
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: note:     Got:
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: note:         def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: note:     Expected:
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: note:         def __contains__(self, object, /) -> bool
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: note:     Got:
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: note:         def __contains__(self, str, /) -> bool
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: note:     Expected:
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: note:         def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[MarkDecorator | Mark]
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: note:     Got:
+ tests/_test_connection.py:75: note:         def __iter__(self) -> Iterator[str]
+ tests/_test_connection.py:78: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "MarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ tests/_test_connection.py:78: error: Argument "marks" to "param" has incompatible type "str"; expected "MarkDecorator | Collection[MarkDecorator | Mark]"  [arg-type]
+ tests/_test_connection.py:78: note: Following member(s) of "str" have conflicts:
+ tests/_test_connection.py:78: note:     Expected:
+ tests/_test_connection.py:78: note:         def __contains__(self, object, /) -> bool
+ tests/_test_connection.py:78: note:     Got:
+ tests/_test_connection.py:78: note:         def __contains__(self, str, /) -> bool
+ tests/_test_connection.py:78: note:     Expected:

... (truncated 522 lines) ...

jinja (https://github.com/pallets/jinja)
+ src/jinja2/loaders.py:620: error: Value of type variable "_C" of "proxy" cannot be "_TemplateModule"  [type-var]
+ src/jinja2/loaders.py:620: error: Incompatible types in assignment (expression has type "CallableProxyType[_TemplateModule]", target has type Module)  [assignment]
+ src/jinja2/filters.py:437: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "V"  [type-var]
+ src/jinja2/filters.py:1261: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "V"  [type-var]
+ src/jinja2/filters.py:1288: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "V"  [type-var]
+ src/jinja2/filters.py:1323: error: Unused "type: ignore[call-overload, no-any-return]" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ src/jinja2/filters.py:1323: error: Value of type variable "_SupportsSumNoDefaultT" of "sum" cannot be "V"  [type-var]
+ src/jinja2/filters.py:1323: note: Error code "type-var" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ src/jinja2/filters.py:1323: error: Value of type variable "_AddableT1" of "sum" cannot be "V"  [type-var]
+ src/jinja2/filters.py:1323: error: Value of type variable "_AddableT2" of "sum" cannot be "V"  [type-var]
+ src/jinja2/environment.py:463: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "Extension"  [type-var]

schema_salad (https://github.com/common-workflow-language/schema_salad)
+ schema_salad/exceptions.py: note: In member "__init__" of class "SchemaSaladException":
+ schema_salad/exceptions.py:40:29: error: Value of type variable "_SupportsSumNoDefaultT" of "sum" cannot be "list[SchemaSaladException]"  [type-var]
+ schema_salad/exceptions.py:42:29: error: Value of type variable "_SupportsSumNoDefaultT" of "sum" cannot be "list[SchemaSaladException]"  [type-var]
+ schema_salad/exceptions.py: note: In member "leaves" of class "SchemaSaladException":
+ schema_salad/exceptions.py:78:20: error: Value of type variable "_SupportsSumNoDefaultT" of "sum" cannot be "list[SchemaSaladException]"  [type-var]
+ schema_salad/dlang_codegen.py: note: In member "to_doc_comment" of class "DlangCodeGen":
+ schema_salad/dlang_codegen.py:146:21: error: Value of type variable "_SupportsSumNoDefaultT" of "sum" cannot be "list[str]"  [type-var]
+ schema_salad/tests/test_errors.py:274:2: error: Value of type variable "Markable" of "__call__" of "_SkipMarkDecorator" cannot be "str"  [type-var]
+ schema_salad/tests/test_errors.py:274:2: error: "str" not callable  [operator]

steam.py (https://github.com/Gobot1234/steam.py)
+ steam/gateway.py:154: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "CMServer"  [type-var]
+ steam/chat.py:91: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "min" cannot be "Role"  [type-var]
- steam/state.py:466: error: Argument 2 to "pop" of "dict" has incompatible type "None"; expected "Clan"  [arg-type]
+ steam/state.py:466: error: No overload variant of "pop" of "dict" matches argument types "ID32", "None"  [call-overload]
+ steam/state.py:466: note: Possible overload variants:
+ steam/state.py:466: note:     def pop(self, ID32, /) -> Clan
+ steam/state.py:466: note:     def pop(self, ID32, Clan, /) -> Clan
+ steam/state.py:466: note:     def [_T] pop(self, ID32, _T, /) -> Clan | _T
- steam/state.py:1458: error: Argument 2 to "pop" of "dict" has incompatible type "None"; expected "ClanInvite | GroupInvite"  [arg-type]
+ steam/state.py:1458: error: No overload variant of "pop" of "dict" matches argument types "ID32", "None"  [call-overload]
+ steam/state.py:1458: note: Possible overload variants:
+ steam/state.py:1458: note:     def pop(self, ID32, /) -> ClanInvite | GroupInvite
+ steam/state.py:1458: note:     def pop(self, ID32, ClanInvite | GroupInvite, /) -> ClanInvite | GroupInvite
+ steam/state.py:1458: note:     def [_T] pop(self, ID32, _T, /) -> ClanInvite | GroupInvite | _T
+ steam/state.py:2477: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "ContentServer"  [type-var]
- steam/ext/commands/commands.py:732: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ steam/ext/commands/commands.py:733: error: Incompatible return value type (got "Any | None", expected "C")  [return-value]
+ steam/ext/tf2/client.py:104: error: Value of type variable "GCMsgProtoT" of "gc_wait_for" of "SteamWebSocket" cannot be "CraftResponse"  [type-var]

sockeye (https://github.com/awslabs/sockeye)
+ sockeye/data_io.py:714: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "Generator[Any, None, None]"  [type-var]
+ sockeye/data_io.py:715: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "Generator[Any, None, None]"  [type-var]
+ sockeye/inference.py:57: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "Generator[float, None, None]"  [type-var]
+ sockeye/inference.py:58: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "Generator[float, None, None]"  [type-var]
+ sockeye/inference.py:59: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "min" cannot be "Generator[int, None, None]"  [type-var]
+ sockeye/inference.py:60: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "min" cannot be "Generator[int, None, None]"  [type-var]
+ sockeye/inference.py:934: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "sorted" cannot be "IndexedTranslatorInput"  [type-var]
+ sockeye/inference.py:1020: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "Generator[int, None, None]"  [type-var]
+ sockeye/inference.py:1021: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "Generator[int, None, None]"  [type-var]
+ sockeye/inference.py:1022: error: Value of type variable "SupportsRichComparisonT" of "max" cannot be "Generator[int, None, None]"  [type-var]
+ sockeye/training.py:937: error: Value of type variable "_SupportsSumNoDefaultT" of "sum" cannot be "tuple[str, float]"  [type-var]

dragonchain (https://github.com/dragonchain/dragonchain)
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:29:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:34:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:38:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:43:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:47:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:52:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:59:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:71:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:75:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:79:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:83:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:92:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:99:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:106:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:111:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:115:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:119:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:124:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/aws/s3_utest.py:128:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestS3Interface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/local/disk_utest.py:31:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestDiskInterface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/local/disk_utest.py:37:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestDiskInterface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/local/disk_utest.py:41:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestDiskInterface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/local/disk_utest.py:45:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestDiskInterface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/local/disk_utest.py:51:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestDiskInterface, Any, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/local/disk_utest.py:51:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[..., Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/local/disk_utest.py:57:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestDiskInterface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/local/disk_utest.py:62:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestDiskInterface, Any, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/local/disk_utest.py:62:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[..., Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/local/disk_utest.py:69:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestDiskInterface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/local/disk_utest.py:73:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestDiskInterface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/local/disk_utest.py:77:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestDiskInterface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/local/disk_utest.py:81:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestDiskInterface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/interfaces/local/disk_utest.py:86:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestDiskInterface, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/dto/eth_utest.py:156:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestEthereumMethods, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/dto/eth_utest.py:170:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestEthereumMethods, Any], Any]"  [type-var]
+ dragonchain/lib/dto/eth_utest.py:208:6: error: Value of type variable "_TT" of "__call__" of "_patch_default_new" cannot be "Callable[[TestEthereumMethods, Any], Any]"  [type-var]

... (truncated 1431 lines) ...```

[github-actions[bot]]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

starlette (https://github.com/encode/starlette)
+ starlette/concurrency.py:41: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

optuna (https://github.com/optuna/optuna)
+ optuna/_convert_positional_args.py:83: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

pandas-stubs (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas-stubs)
+ tests/test_series.py:3022: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "str", "list[float]", "str", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3022: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3022: note:     def [P`33403, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3022: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3024: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3036: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3036: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3036: note:     def [P`33428, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3036: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3040: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3050: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3050: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "str", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3050: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3050: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3050: note:     def [P`33453, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3050: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: note:     def [P`33464, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3061: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: note:     def [P`33475, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3068: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:202: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "str", "list[float]", "str", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:202: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:202: note:     def [P`35807, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:202: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:204: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:216: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:216: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:216: note:     def [P`35836, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:216: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:220: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:230: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:230: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "str", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:230: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:230: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:230: note:     def [P`35865, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:230: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note:     def [P`35878, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:241: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note:     def [P`35891, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:248: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1611: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[DataFrame, int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], DataFrame]", "str", "list[float]", "str", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1611: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_frame.py:1611: note:     def [P`47097, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DataFrame, **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1611: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1613: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1625: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[DataFrame, int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1625: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_frame.py:1625: note:     def [P`47122, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DataFrame, **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1625: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1629: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1639: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1639: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[DataFrame, int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "str", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1639: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_frame.py:1639: note: Possible overload variants:

... (truncated 16 lines) ...

pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg)
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py: note: In function "connect":
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py:124: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py: note: At top level:

[sterliakov]

Hm, and this primer diff looks marginally better.

• starlette: the only false positive bit here, as far as I understand. How critical is partial+ParamSpec support? It is fundamentally different from any other ParamSpec-typed calls, because early binding allows omission of *args and/or **kwargs ParamSpec parts, but only if they were provided to partial, plus *args cannot be provided twice while **kwargs can. I have just crafted a patch to support all variations of such binding, but it involves adding one new attribute to CallableType, and I'm not sure whether such change is worth the performance impact. I can submit that change as a separate follow-up PR if you agree that this case is not critical.

  from functools import partial
  from typing_extensions import ParamSpec
  from typing import Callable, TypeVar
  
  P = ParamSpec("P")
  T = TypeVar("T")
  
  def run(func: Callable[P, T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
      func2 = partial(func, *args, **kwargs)
      return func2()
  
  def run2(func: Callable[P, T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T:
      func2 = partial(func, *args)
      return func2(**kwargs)
  

• optuna: I'd call this a true positive, because fn: Callable[P, T]; kwargs: Any, fn(**kwargs) is obviously unsafe and fails for a function with posonly arguments. In fact such case is validated before and ends with early TypeError, but I don't believe this can be explained to mypy.
• pandas-stubs: all errors are the same, correspond to lines where there's already a type: ignore comment followed by wider pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType,reportCallIssue] comment. Now mypy is closer to correct behaviour IMO. In some cases good exact argument error became a less precise "no overload variant...", but it's a fair price for actually checking that no args are missing. I don't see how to overcome that (yet). Caused by excessive strictness of ExpressionChecker.erased_signature_similarity.
• pwndbg: The error is true positive (!), this looks like a bug in their code: there is a func: Callable[P, T], which is then called as func(). I don't know what note: At top level: means.

[TeamSpen210]

For the starlette error, I do know anyio.to_thread.run_sync() will ultimately just pass the args to the func, so altering the code to bind both via partial would behave identically and is probably more correct anyway.

[github-actions[bot]]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

starlette (https://github.com/encode/starlette)
+ starlette/concurrency.py:41: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

optuna (https://github.com/optuna/optuna)
+ optuna/_convert_positional_args.py:83: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

pandas-stubs (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas-stubs)
+ tests/test_series.py:3022: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "str", "list[float]", "str", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3022: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3022: note:     def [P`33573, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3022: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3024: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3036: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3036: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3036: note:     def [P`33598, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3036: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3040: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3050: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3050: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "str", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3050: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3050: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3050: note:     def [P`33623, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3050: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: note:     def [P`33634, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3057: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3061: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: note:     def [P`33645, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3064: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3068: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:202: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "str", "list[float]", "str", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:202: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:202: note:     def [P`35977, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:202: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:204: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:216: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:216: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:216: note:     def [P`36006, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:216: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:220: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:230: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:230: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "str", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:230: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:230: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:230: note:     def [P`36035, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:230: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note:     def [P`36048, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:241: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note:     def [P`36061, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:248: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1611: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[DataFrame, int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], DataFrame]", "str", "list[float]", "str", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1611: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_frame.py:1611: note:     def [P`47491, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DataFrame, **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1611: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1613: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1625: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[DataFrame, int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1625: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_frame.py:1625: note:     def [P`47516, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DataFrame, **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1625: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1629: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1639: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1639: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[DataFrame, int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "str", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1639: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_frame.py:1639: note: Possible overload variants:

... (truncated 16 lines) ...

pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg)
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py: note: In function "connect":
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py:124: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py: note: At top level:

[sterliakov]

I have cleaned up code here a little bit, this should be now ready for review. #17355 is the follow-up patch I promised for functools.partial based on this (marked draft because it contains all code from this branch and I'd probably want them reviewed separately).

[sterliakov]

Cc @JelleZijlstra in a hope for review here:) This PR is a prerequisite for #17355 which overlaps with @ilevkivskyi ongoing ParamSpec work. I'm also fine with abandoning this and doing everything there in single PR, please let me know what granularity looks better for you.

[github-actions[bot]]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

pandas (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas)
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: error: No overload variant of "apply_along_axis" matches argument types "Callable[[ndarray[Any, Any]], None]", "int", "ndarray[Any, Any]"  [call-overload]
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note: Possible overload variants:
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note:     def [_P`-1, _SCT: generic] apply_along_axis(func1d: Callable[[ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]], **_P], _SupportsArray[dtype[_SCT]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[_SCT]]]], axis: SupportsIndex, arr: _SupportsArray[dtype[Any]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[Any]]] | bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes | _NestedSequence[bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes], *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> ndarray[Any, dtype[_SCT]]
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note:     def [_P`-1] apply_along_axis(func1d: Callable[[ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]], **_P], _SupportsArray[dtype[Any]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[Any]]] | bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes | _NestedSequence[bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes]], axis: SupportsIndex, arr: _SupportsArray[dtype[Any]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[Any]]] | bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes | _NestedSequence[bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes], *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]]

pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg)
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py: note: In function "connect":
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py:156: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

pandas-stubs (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas-stubs)
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note:     def [P`26548, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:241: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note:     def [P`26562, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:248: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3087: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3087: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3087: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3087: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3087: note:     def [P`43577, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3087: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3091: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3094: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3094: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3094: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3094: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3094: note:     def [P`43589, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3094: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3098: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1696: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1696: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[DataFrame, int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1696: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_frame.py:1696: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_frame.py:1696: note:     def [P`63928, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DataFrame, **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1696: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1700: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1703: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1703: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[DataFrame, int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1703: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_frame.py:1703: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_frame.py:1703: note:     def [P`63940, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DataFrame, **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1703: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1707: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]

core (https://github.com/home-assistant/core)
+ homeassistant/components/lamarzocco/coordinator.py:116: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

optuna (https://github.com/optuna/optuna)
+ optuna/_convert_positional_args.py:83: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

starlette (https://github.com/encode/starlette)
+ starlette/concurrency.py:41: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

[sterliakov]

Diff review:

• Starlette: false positive on a weird case (partial + overload), resolved in #17355
• Optuna: true positive (fn(**Any) where fn(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs))
• Code (homeassistant): true positive (args not passed, plain fn())
• pwndbg: true positive, but with spurious note added
• pandas & pandas-stubs: slightly worse overload resolution (instead of saying "here's the closest one, but still a miss" now mypy says "not even close, please try again"). All errors were already there, only code and/or lineno changed.

[github-actions[bot]]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

pandas (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas)
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: error: No overload variant of "apply_along_axis" matches argument types "Callable[[ndarray[Any, Any]], None]", "int", "ndarray[Any, Any]"  [call-overload]
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note: Possible overload variants:
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note:     def [_P`-1, _SCT: generic] apply_along_axis(func1d: Callable[[ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]], **_P], _SupportsArray[dtype[_SCT]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[_SCT]]]], axis: SupportsIndex, arr: _SupportsArray[dtype[Any]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[Any]]] | bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes | _NestedSequence[bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes], *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> ndarray[Any, dtype[_SCT]]
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note:     def [_P`-1] apply_along_axis(func1d: Callable[[ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]], **_P], _SupportsArray[dtype[Any]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[Any]]] | bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes | _NestedSequence[bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes]], axis: SupportsIndex, arr: _SupportsArray[dtype[Any]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[Any]]] | bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes | _NestedSequence[bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes], *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]]

pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg)
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py: note: In function "connect":
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py:156: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

pandas-stubs (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas-stubs)
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note:     def [P`26548, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:241: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note:     def [P`26562, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:248: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3087: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3087: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3087: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3087: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3087: note:     def [P`43577, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3087: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3091: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3094: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3094: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3094: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3094: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3094: note:     def [P`43589, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3094: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3098: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1710: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1710: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[DataFrame, int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1710: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_frame.py:1710: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_frame.py:1710: note:     def [P`64031, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DataFrame, **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1710: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1714: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1717: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1717: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[DataFrame, int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1717: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_frame.py:1717: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_frame.py:1717: note:     def [P`64043, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DataFrame, **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1717: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1721: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]

core (https://github.com/home-assistant/core)
+ homeassistant/components/lamarzocco/coordinator.py:116: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

starlette (https://github.com/encode/starlette)
+ starlette/concurrency.py:41: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

optuna (https://github.com/optuna/optuna)
+ optuna/_convert_positional_args.py:83: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

[sterliakov]

Wow, it's the same problem as in the first workflow run for this PR. I hardly know anything about Windows, but still doesn't seem to be caused by the changes here.

[A5rocks]

Wow, it's the same problem as in the first workflow run for this PR. I hardly know anything about Windows, but still doesn't seem to be caused by the changes here.

I also got it on a seperate PR. It's not caused by the changes here.

[github-actions[bot]]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

pandas (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas)
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: error: No overload variant of "apply_along_axis" matches argument types "Callable[[ndarray[Any, Any]], None]", "int", "ndarray[Any, Any]"  [call-overload]
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note: Possible overload variants:
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note:     def [_P`-1, _SCT: generic] apply_along_axis(func1d: Callable[[ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]], **_P], _SupportsArray[dtype[_SCT]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[_SCT]]]], axis: SupportsIndex, arr: _SupportsArray[dtype[Any]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[Any]]] | bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes | _NestedSequence[bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes], *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> ndarray[Any, dtype[_SCT]]
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note:     def [_P`-1] apply_along_axis(func1d: Callable[[ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]], **_P], _SupportsArray[dtype[Any]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[Any]]] | bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes | _NestedSequence[bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes]], axis: SupportsIndex, arr: _SupportsArray[dtype[Any]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[Any]]] | bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes | _NestedSequence[bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes], *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]]

pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg)
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py: note: In function "connect":
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py:156: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

pandas-stubs (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas-stubs)
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note:     def [P`27152, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:241: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note:     def [P`27166, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:248: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3097: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3097: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3097: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3097: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3097: note:     def [P`44255, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3097: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3101: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3104: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3104: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3104: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3104: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3104: note:     def [P`44267, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3104: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3108: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1745: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1745: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[DataFrame, int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1745: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_frame.py:1745: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_frame.py:1745: note:     def [P`64744, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DataFrame, **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1745: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1749: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1752: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1752: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[DataFrame, int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1752: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_frame.py:1752: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_frame.py:1752: note:     def [P`64756, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DataFrame, **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1752: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1756: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]

core (https://github.com/home-assistant/core)
+ homeassistant/components/lamarzocco/coordinator.py:116: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

starlette (https://github.com/encode/starlette)
+ starlette/concurrency.py:38: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

optuna (https://github.com/optuna/optuna)
+ optuna/_convert_positional_args.py:83: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

[github-actions[bot]]

Diff from mypy_primer, showing the effect of this PR on open source code:

pandas (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas)
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: error: No overload variant of "apply_along_axis" matches argument types "Callable[[ndarray[Any, Any]], None]", "int", "ndarray[Any, Any]"  [call-overload]
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note: Possible overload variants:
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note:     def [_P`-1, _SCT: generic] apply_along_axis(func1d: Callable[[ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]], **_P], _SupportsArray[dtype[_SCT]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[_SCT]]]], axis: SupportsIndex, arr: _SupportsArray[dtype[Any]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[Any]]] | bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes | _NestedSequence[bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes], *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> ndarray[Any, dtype[_SCT]]
+ pandas/core/missing.py:422: note:     def [_P`-1] apply_along_axis(func1d: Callable[[ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]], **_P], _SupportsArray[dtype[Any]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[Any]]] | bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes | _NestedSequence[bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes]], axis: SupportsIndex, arr: _SupportsArray[dtype[Any]] | _NestedSequence[_SupportsArray[dtype[Any]]] | bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes | _NestedSequence[bool | int | float | complex | str | bytes], *args: _P.args, **kwargs: _P.kwargs) -> ndarray[Any, dtype[Any]]

pwndbg (https://github.com/pwndbg/pwndbg)
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py: note: In function "connect":
+ pwndbg/gdblib/events.py:156: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

pandas-stubs (https://github.com/pandas-dev/pandas-stubs)
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note:     def [P`27163, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:237: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:241: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "BaseGroupBy" matches argument types "Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int], 'kw')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note:     def [P`27177, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DatetimeIndexResampler[DataFrame], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:244: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_resampler.py:248: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3112: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3112: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3112: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3112: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3112: note:     def [P`44288, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3112: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3116: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3119: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_series.py:3119: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[Series[Any], int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], Series[Any]]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_series.py:3119: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_series.py:3119: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_series.py:3119: note:     def [P`44300, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[Series[int], **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3119: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_series.py:3123: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1745: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1745: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[DataFrame, int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1745: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_frame.py:1745: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_frame.py:1745: note:     def [P`64786, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DataFrame, **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1745: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1749: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1752: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1752: error: No overload variant of "pipe" of "NDFrame" matches argument types "Callable[[DataFrame, int, list[float], str, NamedArg(tuple[int, int], 'keyword_only')], DataFrame]", "int", "list[float]", "int", "tuple[int, int]"  [call-overload]
+ tests/test_frame.py:1752: note: Error code "call-overload" not covered by "type: ignore" comment
+ tests/test_frame.py:1752: note: Possible overload variants:
+ tests/test_frame.py:1752: note:     def [P`64798, T] pipe(self, func: Callable[[DataFrame, **P], T], *args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1752: note:     def [T] pipe(self, func: tuple[Callable[..., T], str], *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> T
+ tests/test_frame.py:1756: error: Unused "type: ignore" comment  [unused-ignore]

core (https://github.com/home-assistant/core)
+ homeassistant/components/lamarzocco/coordinator.py:116: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

optuna (https://github.com/optuna/optuna)
+ optuna/_convert_positional_args.py:83: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

starlette (https://github.com/encode/starlette)
+ starlette/concurrency.py:38: error: Too few arguments  [call-arg]

[hauntsaninja]

Thank you, this is a very nice bug fix