gh-142734: fix UAF in `OrderedDict.copy` with concurrent mutations by `__getitem__`

[fatelei]

fix OrderedDict copy heap-use-after-free security issue

• Issue: gh-142734

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[fatelei]

This implementation is not efficient. I think it's better that we just bail during the copy (that is, raise) if we detect a state change (if possible). We had a similar patch in __eq__.

update

        PyODictObject *self = _PyODictObject_CAST(od);
        size_t state = self->od_state;
        _ODictNode *cur = _odict_FIRST(od);

        while (cur != NULL) {
            if (self->od_state != state) {
                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
                                "OrderedDict mutated during iteration");
                goto fail;
            }
            PyObject *key = Py_NewRef(_odictnode_KEY(cur));
            PyObject *value = PyObject_GetItem((PyObject *)od, key);
            if (value == NULL) {
                Py_DECREF(key);
                goto fail;
            }
            if (self->od_state != state) {
                Py_DECREF(key);
                Py_DECREF(value);
                PyErr_SetString(PyExc_RuntimeError,
                                "OrderedDict mutated during iteration");
                goto fail;
            }
            if (PyObject_SetItem((PyObject *)od_copy, key, value) != 0) {
                Py_DECREF(key);
                Py_DECREF(value);
                goto fail;
            }
            Py_DECREF(key);
            Py_DECREF(value);

            cur = _odictnode_NEXT(cur);
        }

[fatelei]

Please add tests when the dictionary is shrinked or grows during the iteration (not just cleared)

test update