Allow specifying an explicit format in parse_date/parse_time

[tomasr8]

Closes #1090

This uses parse_pattern internally when a custom format is used.

[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests :white_check_mark:

Project coverage is 91.29%. Comparing base (313277a) to head (2b8e6b8). Report is 5 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #1131      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   91.28%   91.29%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files          27       27              
  Lines        4623     4630       +7     
==========================================
+ Hits         4220     4227       +7     
  Misses        403      403              

Flag	Coverage Δ
macos-12-3.10	90.06% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
macos-12-3.11	90.00% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
macos-12-3.12	90.21% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
macos-12-3.13-dev	89.74% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
macos-12-3.8	89.99% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
macos-12-3.9	89.99% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
macos-12-pypy3.10	90.06% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
ubuntu-22.04-3.10	90.08% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
ubuntu-22.04-3.11	90.02% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
ubuntu-22.04-3.12	90.23% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
ubuntu-22.04-3.13-dev	89.76% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
ubuntu-22.04-3.8	90.01% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
ubuntu-22.04-3.9	90.01% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
ubuntu-22.04-pypy3.10	90.08% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
windows-2022-3.10	90.20% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
windows-2022-3.11	90.14% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
windows-2022-3.12	90.35% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
windows-2022-3.13-dev	89.88% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
windows-2022-3.8	90.13% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
windows-2022-3.9	90.13% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:
windows-2022-pypy3.10	90.20% <100.00%> (+0.01%)	:arrow_up:

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