semver-for-natural-language
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Suggestion to use the FRBR reference model
The Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) is a good reference model for this context of "semantic versioning of creative works"... In a broather sense SchemaOrg, DOI and many others use, directly or indirectly, the FRBR vision of content concept.
In this context, "a typical new version of a content", is a new expression.
Other things like translations are also changes of expression, but versioning is about a "revision task", not a "translation task".
So, with this concepts in mind, we can define with precision:
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MAJOR version when you make changes that affect the work: we preserve the ID (like a DOI) but it can be considered a new work.
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MINOR version when you make changes that preserves the work, is a new expression.
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PATCH version when you make changes that do not have a significant effect, we can consider the "same but modified expression".
PS: the limits between a new work and a new version are subjective, but have some fundamentals,
FRBR states that (as a working assumption) revisions, updates, abridgements, enlargements and translations are considered to be different expressions of the same work. By contrast, when the modification of a work involves a significant degree of independent intellectual or artistic effort, the result is considered a new and different work. https://doi.org/10.1300/J123v50n01_09 (p88)
Refs: see also kcoyle.net/beforeAndAfter.