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๐ŸŸฆ JuMP ToQUBO Automatic Reformulation

ToQUBO.jl ๐ŸŸฅ๐ŸŸฉ๐ŸŸช๐ŸŸฆ

Introduction

ToQUBO.jl is a Julia package to reformulate general optimization problems into QUBO (Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization) instances. This tool aims to convert a broad range of JuMP problems for straightforward application in many physics and physics-inspired solution methods whose normal optimization form is equivalent to the QUBO. These methods include quantum annealing, quantum gate-circuit optimization algorithms (Quantum Optimization Alternating Ansatz, Variational Quantum Eigensolver), other hardware-accelerated platforms, such as Coherent Ising Machines and Simulated Bifurcation Machines, and more traditional methods such as simulated annealing. During execution, ToQUBO.jl encodes both discrete and continuous variables, maps constraints, and computes their penalties, performing a few model optimization steps along the process. A simple interface to connect various annealers and samplers as QUBO solvers is defined in QUBODrivers.jl.

ToQUBO.jl was written as a MathOptInterface (MOI) layer that automatically maps between input and output models, thus providing a smooth JuMP modeling experience.

Getting Started

Installation

ToQUBO is available via Julia's Pkg:

julia> using Pkg

julia> Pkg.add("ToQUBO")

Simple Example

using JuMP
using ToQUBO
using QUBODrivers

model = Model(() -> ToQUBO.Optimizer(ExactSampler.Optimizer))

@variable(model, x[1:3], Bin)
@constraint(model, 0.3*x[1] + 0.5*x[2] + 1.0*x[3] <= 1.6)
@objective(model, Max, 1.0*x[1] + 2.0*x[2] + 3.0*x[3])

optimize!(model)

for i = 1:result_count(model)
    xi = value.(x, result = i)
    yi = objective_value(model, result = i)

    println("f($xi) = $yi")
end

List of Interpretable Constraints

Below, we present a list containing allโด MOI constraint types and their current reformulation support by ToQUBO.

Linear constraints

Mathematical Constraint MOI Function MOI Set Status
$\vec{a}' \vec{x} \le \beta$ ScalarAffineFunction LessThan โœ”๏ธ
$\vec{a}' \vec{x} \ge \alpha$ ScalarAffineFunction GreaterThan โ™ป๏ธ
$\vec{a}' \vec{x} = \beta$ ScalarAffineFunction EqualTo โœ”๏ธ
$\alpha \le \vec{a}' \vec{x} \le \beta$ ScalarAffineFunction Interval โ™ป๏ธ
$x_i \le \beta$ VariableIndex LessThan โœ”๏ธ
$x_i \ge \alpha$ VariableIndex GreaterThan โœ”๏ธ
$x_i = \beta$ VariableIndex EqualTo โœ”๏ธ
$\alpha \le x_i \le \beta$ VariableIndex Interval โœ”๏ธ
$A \vec{x} + b \in \mathbb{R}_{+}^{n}$ VectorAffineFunction Nonnegatives โ™ป๏ธ
$A \vec{x} + b \in \mathbb{R}_{-}^{n}$ VectorAffineFunction Nonpositives โ™ป๏ธ
$A \vec{x} + b = 0$ VectorAffineFunction Zeros โ™ป๏ธ

Conic constraints

Mathematical Constraint MOI Function MOI Set Status
$\left\lVert{}{A \vec{x} + b}\right\rVert{}_{2} \le \vec{c}' \vec{x} + d$ VectorAffineFunction SecondOrderCone ๐Ÿ“–
$y \ge \left\lVert{}{\vec{x}}\right\rVert{}_{2}$ VectorOfVariables SecondOrderCone ๐Ÿ“–
$2 y z \ge \left\lVert{}{\vec{x}}\right\rVert{}_{2}^{2}; y, z \ge 0$ VectorOfVariables RotatedSecondOrderCone ๐Ÿ“–
$\left( \vec{a}'_1 \vec{x} + b_1,\vec{a}'_2 \vec{x} + b_2,\vec{a}'_3 \vec{x} + b_3 \right) \in E$ VectorAffineFunction ExponentialCone โŒ
$A(\vec{x}) \in S_{+}$ VectorAffineFunction PositiveSemidefiniteConeTriangle โŒ
$B(\vec{x}) \in S_{+}$ VectorAffineFunction PositiveSemidefiniteConeSquare โŒ
$\vec{x} \in S_{+}$ VectorOfVariables PositiveSemidefiniteConeTriangle โŒ
$\vec{x} \in S_{+}$ VectorOfVariables PositiveSemidefiniteConeSquare โŒ

Quadratic constraints

Mathematical Constraint MOI Function MOI Set Status
$\vec{x} Q \vec{x} + \vec{a}' \vec{x} + b \ge 0$ ScalarQuadraticFunction GreaterThan โ™ป๏ธ
$\vec{x} Q \vec{x} + \vec{a}' \vec{x} + b \le 0$ ScalarQuadraticFunction LessThan โœ”๏ธ
$\vec{x} Q \vec{x} + \vec{a}' \vec{x} + b = 0$ ScalarQuadraticFunction EqualTo โœ”๏ธ
Bilinear matrix inequality VectorQuadraticFunction PositiveSemidefiniteCone โŒ

Discrete and logical constraints

Mathematical Constraint MOI Function MOI Set Status
$x_i \in \mathbb{Z}$ VariableIndex Integer โœ”๏ธ
$x_i \in \left\lbrace{0, 1}\right\rbrace$ VariableIndex ZeroOne โœ”๏ธ
$x_i \in \left\lbrace{0}\right\rbrace \cup \left[{l, u}\right]$ VariableIndex Semicontinuous โŒ›
$x_i \in \left\lbrace{0}\right\rbrace \cup \left[{l, l + 1, \dots, u - 1, u}\right]$ VariableIndex Semiinteger โŒ›
ยน VectorOfVariables SOS1 โœ”๏ธ
ยฒ VectorOfVariables SOS2 ๐Ÿ“–
$y = 1 \implies \vec{a}' \vec{x} \in S$ VectorAffineFunction Indicator ๐Ÿ“–

ยน At most one component of x can be nonzero

ยฒ At most two components of x can be nonzero, and if so they must be adjacent components

Symbol Meaning
โœ”๏ธ Available
โ™ป๏ธ Available through Bridgesยณ
โŒ Unavailable
โŒ› Under Development (Available soon)
๐Ÿ“– Under Research

ยณ MOI Bridges provide equivalent constraint mapping.

โด If you think this list is incomplete, consider creating an Issue or opening a Pull Request.

Citing ToQUBO.jl

If you use ToQUBO.jl in your work, we kindly ask you to include the following citation:

@software{toqubo:2023,
  author       = {Pedro Maciel Xavier and Pedro Ripper and Tiago Andrade and Joaquim Dias Garcia and David E. Bernal Neira},
  title        = {{ToQUBO.jl}},
  month        = {feb},
  year         = {2023},
  publisher    = {Zenodo},
  version      = {v0.1.5},
  doi          = {10.5281/zenodo.7644291},
  url          = {https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7644291}
}

PSR Quantum Optimization Toolchain

ToQUBO.jl QUBODrivers.jl QUBOTools.jl