CompileOnly protobuf-java failed to run

[EarthChen]

What version of protobuf and what language are you using?

compileOnly group: 'com.google.protobuf', name: 'protobuf-java', version: '3.21.12'

Language: Java

What operating system (Linux, Windows, ...) and version?

Macos

What runtime / compiler are you using (e.g., python version or gcc version)

What did you do?

1. create a module as A,
2. add compileOnly protobuf-java dependency

dependencies {
    compileOnly group: 'com.google.protobuf', name: 'protobuf-java', version: '3.21.12'

    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.8.1'
    testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.8.1'
}

3. create a ProtobufDemo.java file in module A

public class ProtobufDemo {

    public void test() {
        Message message = Any.newBuilder().build();
        // System.out.println(message);
        Any.pack(message);
        // System.out.println(any);

    }
}

4. create a module as B
5. add module A as dependency

dependencies {
    compile(project(":A"))
    testImplementation 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-api:5.8.1'
    testRuntimeOnly 'org.junit.jupiter:junit-jupiter-engine:5.8.1'
}

6. create a Test.java file in module B

public class Test {

    @SneakyThrows
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Class.forName( "org.example.lib.ProtobufDemo");
        // ProtobufDemo protobufDemo = new ProtobufDemo();
        // protobufDemo.test();
    }
}

7. run Test.java

---

if we change ProtobufDemo.java file like this

public class ProtobufDemo {

    public void test() {
        Message message = Any.newBuilder().build();
        // avoid opt
        System.out.println(message);
        Any any = Any.pack(null);
        // avoid opt
        System.out.println(any);
    }
}

then run Test.java will fine

What did you expect to see

no error

---

In my understanding, the class in the method should not be verified during the class loading process, why is there an error?