Upgrade packages and go to 1.24
This PR upgrades go version to 1.24, alongside minor version upgrades of the common and exporter-toolkit packages.
@grobie Could you please take a look?
Hey, FYI, I am going to revert part of this.
This does not actually update the Go version to 1.24. This is controlled by the .promu.yml config and our CI configs. Changing the go directive in the go.mod file sets the minimum supported Go version. We have a policy of following the upstream Go support policy. Which means we still support Go 1.23.
Updating to Go 1.24 was already completed in https://github.com/prometheus/memcached_exporter/pull/255.