Update API types

[fsimonis]

Main changes of this PR

This PR updates the API types to the named types in types.hpp. This change is currently non-breaking.

Motivation and additional information

1. Makes the API easier to read. #248
2. Allows us to change the API types in a central locatation #887

Author's checklist

• [ ] I added a changelog file with make changelog if there are user-observable changes since the last release.
• [x] I ran make format to ensure everything is formatted correctly.
• [x] I sticked to C++14 features.
• [x] I sticked to CMake version 3.16.3.
• [ ] I squashed / am about to squash all commits that should be seen as one.

Reviewers' checklist

• [ ] Does the changelog entry make sense? Is it formatted correctly?
• [ ] Do you understand the code changes?

[davidscn]

How does this change look like in our native bindings?

[fsimonis]

This requires major updates in the documentation.

[fsimonis]

This PR is now close to obsolete as most id types have been removed from the API.

The only one remaining is the VertexID type. Closing