ddl: Enable modify column on partitioned table

[mjonss]

What problem does this PR solve?

Issue Number: close #38297 ref #39915

Similar to #39922

Problem Summary: There were an issue (#39915) with modify column on partitioned tables, which caused a revert. This will add that code back and include a fix (reset the PhysicaTablelD).

What is changed and how it works?

Check List

Tests

• [ ] Unit test
• [x] Integration test
• [ ] Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
• [ ] No code

Side effects

• [ ] Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• [ ] Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• [ ] Breaking backward compatibility

Documentation

• [ ] Affects user behaviors
• [ ] Contains syntax changes
• [ ] Contains variable changes
• [ ] Contains experimental features
• [ ] Changes MySQL compatibility

Release note

Please refer to Release Notes Language Style Guide to write a quality release note.

None

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[ti-chi-bot]

@mjonss: PR needs rebase.

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[codecov[bot]]

Codecov Report

:x: Patch coverage is 74.35897% with 30 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review. :white_check_mark: Project coverage is 74.9269%. Comparing base (80c817a) to head (e5801cd). :warning: Report is 17 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@               Coverage Diff                @@
##             master     #40634        +/-   ##
================================================
+ Coverage   72.6924%   74.9269%   +2.2345%     
================================================
  Files          1866       1889        +23     
  Lines        506215     514337      +8122     
================================================
+ Hits         367980     385377     +17397     
+ Misses       115858     105223     -10635     
- Partials      22377      23737      +1360     

Flag	Coverage Δ
integration	48.1063% <21.3675%> (?)
unit	72.5356% <74.3589%> (+0.2700%)	:arrow_up:

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Components	Coverage Δ
dumpling	52.8700% <ø> (ø)
parser	∅ <ø> (∅)
br	63.1948% <ø> (+17.0161%)	:arrow_up:

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[mjonss]

/retest

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[mjonss]

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[mjonss]

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[mjonss]

/retest

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[ti-chi-bot[bot]]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: wjhuang2016

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[ti-chi-bot[bot]]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2025-11-18 11:01:48.509591432 +0000 UTC m=+9472.158785889: :ballot_box_with_check: agreed by wjhuang2016.