sql: Add support for '(' literal ')' as column default

[mjonss]

What is changed, added or deleted? (Required)

Added support for '(' literal ')' as Column default, as added in https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/pull/59023

Which TiDB version(s) do your changes apply to? (Required)

Tips for choosing the affected version(s):

By default, CHOOSE MASTER ONLY so your changes will be applied to the next TiDB major or minor releases. If your PR involves a product feature behavior change or a compatibility change, CHOOSE THE AFFECTED RELEASE BRANCH(ES) AND MASTER.

For details, see tips for choosing the affected versions.

• [x] master (the latest development version)
• [ ] v9.0 (TiDB 9.0 versions)
• [ ] v8.5 (TiDB 8.5 versions)
• [ ] v8.4 (TiDB 8.4 versions)
• [ ] v8.3 (TiDB 8.3 versions)
• [ ] v8.1 (TiDB 8.1 versions)
• [ ] v7.5 (TiDB 7.5 versions)
• [ ] v7.1 (TiDB 7.1 versions)
• [ ] v6.5 (TiDB 6.5 versions)
• [ ] v6.1 (TiDB 6.1 versions)
• [ ] v5.4 (TiDB 5.4 versions)

What is the related PR or file link(s)?

• This PR is translated from:
• Other reference link(s): https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/pull/59023 https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/issues/58947

Do your changes match any of the following descriptions?

• [ ] Delete files
• [ ] Change aliases
• [ ] Need modification after applied to another branch
• [ ] Might cause conflicts after applied to another branch

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[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2025-04-14 01:06:12.796771396 +0000 UTC m=+2650466.481007492: :ballot_box_with_check: agreed by hfxsd.
• 2025-11-10 03:06:17.922104188 +0000 UTC m=+671427.365134057: :ballot_box_with_check: agreed by lilin90.

[hfxsd]

/approve

[hfxsd]

/approve

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