Added VECTOR as supported CAST Type

[mjonss]

What is changed, added or deleted? (Required)

Close #20149

Added VECTOR as supported CAST Type

Which TiDB version(s) do your changes apply to? (Required)

Tips for choosing the affected version(s):

By default, CHOOSE MASTER ONLY so your changes will be applied to the next TiDB major or minor releases. If your PR involves a product feature behavior change or a compatibility change, CHOOSE THE AFFECTED RELEASE BRANCH(ES) AND MASTER.

For details, see tips for choosing the affected versions.

• [x] master (the latest development version)
• [x] v9.0 (TiDB 9.0 versions)
• [x] v8.5 (TiDB 8.5 versions)
• [x] v8.4 (TiDB 8.4 versions)
• [ ] v8.3 (TiDB 8.3 versions)
• [ ] v8.1 (TiDB 8.1 versions)
• [ ] v7.5 (TiDB 7.5 versions)
• [ ] v7.1 (TiDB 7.1 versions)
• [ ] v6.5 (TiDB 6.5 versions)
• [ ] v6.1 (TiDB 6.1 versions)
• [ ] v5.4 (TiDB 5.4 versions)

What is the related PR or file link(s)?

• This PR is translated from:
• Other reference link(s): https://github.com/pingcap/tidb/pull/54635/files#diff-a045a17e49e15e3e30d6531212790f01a3d3b593dcd9e28eec2d2d171b1efed9

Do your changes match any of the following descriptions?

• [ ] Delete files
• [ ] Change aliases
• [ ] Need modification after applied to another branch
• [ ] Might cause conflicts after applied to another branch

[ti-chi-bot[bot]]

[LGTM Timeline notifier]

Timeline:

• 2025-06-27 05:42:37.001656762 +0000 UTC m=+1028009.724835755: :ballot_box_with_check: agreed by dveeden.

[qiancai]

/approve

[ti-chi-bot[bot]]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

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[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-8.5: #21309.

[ti-chi-bot]

In response to a cherrypick label: new pull request created to branch release-8.4: #21311.