Improve consistency of styles and conventions

[hyperupcall]

This updates the following:

• Fixes miscellaneous spelling and styling
  • Github" to "GitHub"
  • Periods at end of statement (enforced by awesome-lint)
• Uses the recommended badges for awesome lists
• As mentioned at sindresorhus/awesome, CI badges serve no purpose and should be excluded from the README. This removes the Travis CI badge, which isn't updated anyways.