feat: Update `StateTransition` for alerts

[parmesant]

Add previous_alert_state and previous_alert_duration. If not present at runtime, will get created using historical values

Fixes #XXXX.

Description

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This PR has:

• [ ] been tested to ensure log ingestion and log query works.
• [ ] added comments explaining the "why" and the intent of the code wherever would not be obvious for an unfamiliar reader.
• [ ] added documentation for new or modified features or behaviors.

Summary by CodeRabbit

• Refactor
  • Retain historical alert state transitions, recording the previous state and elapsed duration for each transition.
  • Expose alert list query parameters and their parser to enable external filtering, tagging and pagination controls.

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