NE-1526: Re-introduce the DNS CI coverage for golang and glibc resolver libraries

[gcs278]

Cloned from https://github.com/openshift/origin/pull/27135 so that I can take ownership of the PR.

This PR re-introduces the DNS CI coverage for golang and glibc resolver libraries by reverting https://github.com/openshift/origin/commit/4a1e80297759a22a4cae03c3deb6171c0fd382eb which reverted https://github.com/openshift/origin/commit/768de2f6fe0b17c134f070550baed5503ab8a4f1 along with some improvements, notably the ability to test multiple Go versions.

Modifications to the previous reverted https://github.com/openshift/origin/pull/26957 include:

• Skip baremetal environments because they are disconnected and lack suitable images on the local registry to use for testing different Go versions. This addresses the reason for the revert.
• Add subdirectory go-dns-resolver in test/extended/testdata/dns/ to be more organized for future DNS tests.
• Add testing for each Go version starting from 1.17 to the latest Go version.
• Base image for Go test was changed from golang in Docker Hub to registry.redhat.io/ubi9/go-toolset.
• Convert dns_library_go.yaml to be created in code and use a Pod instead of deprecated DeploymentConfig.
• Added a build arg for the Dockerfile FROM base image, so one Dockerfile can be used for multiple tests.
• General comment, logging, and error handling clean up.

Story is NE-1526 Epic is NE-626