feat: Add type checking, auto-formating, and linting

[emann]

Added the following checks/tools to enforce format and quality:

• pytest-cov for checking unit test coverage
• mypy for type checking
• safety for checking dependencies for vulnerabilities
• ruff for formatting and linting (covers flake + many plugins, some of pylint, etc.)

I also added taskipy as a general purpose task runner for the convenience of doing task check to run all of the above tools, task style to format, etc. The above are also ran as apart of the CI on push/PR to main. I also took the liberty of renaming the existing workflow and its file to better describe what the workflow does.

Most of the code changes were by the auto formatting, but some latent bugs were fixed along the way as I addressed mypy errors.