Add log formatting support

[jeremydvoss]

Description

Building off https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-python/pull/3673 while maintaining existing Exception bodies and support for non-str message types.

Fixes #3664 Related to #3353

Type of change

Please delete options that are not relevant.

• [ ] Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• [x] New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• [ ] Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• [ ] This change requires a documentation update

How Has This Been Tested?

Added new tests

Does This PR Require a Contrib Repo Change?

• [ ] Yes. - Link to PR:
• [x] No.

Checklist:

• [x] Followed the style guidelines of this project
• [x] Changelogs have been updated
• [x] Unit tests have been added
• [ ] Documentation has been updated