Automate per-package release for specific components

[lmolkova]

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Description

Adds automation allowing to release individual components. Packages that can be released individually are:

• excluded from the main release
• must have individual changelog
• follow the same release process and versioning rules:
  • prepare minor/patch that creates
    • long-term package-release/{package}/v{version} branch
    • PRs to update changelog and versions in release branch and main
  • release
• adds changelogs and versions for for components that are currently released manually as individual packages (opentelemetry-resource-detector-azure, opentelemetry-sdk-extension-aws, opentelemetry-propagator-aws-xray)

Related to #2858

Type of change

How Has This Been Tested?

Tested in the fork https://github.com/lmolkova/opentelemetry-python-contrib/actions

• [x] Preparing + releasing new minor or patch version of an unstable package
• [x] Preparing + releasing 'common'

Does This PR Require a Core Repo Change?

• [x] No.

Checklist:

See contributing.md for styleguide, changelog guidelines, and more.

• [x] Followed the style guidelines of this project
• [ ] Changelogs have been updated