Remove duplicated top-level `EncodableSnapshot` fields

[jordanschalm]

This PR removes the Head, LatestSeal, and LatestResult fields from EncodableSnapshot, addressing this outstanding TODO from https://github.com/onflow/flow-go/issues/5666:

Remove additional redundant fields from EncodableSnapshot (in particular LatestSeal, Result, Head). See https://github.com/onflow/flow-go/pull/5682#issuecomment-2080002868

In this implementation, I removed the redundant fields and replaced them with getters which searched for the corresponding data in the SealingSegment.

• For Head, it's very fast and easy to find the data in SealingSegment
• For LatestSeal, it's relatively fast and a bit more conceptually complex to find the data. In the worst case we might need to search through one non-empty block payload, and hash several seals.
• For LatestResult, it's relatively easy, but potentially slow to find the data. In the worst case we might search through many block payloads and hash many results.

These methods are used sparingly on inmem.Snapshot (everything in the critical path uses badger.Snapshot, so I don't think the performance regression will have a meaningful impact.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 45.45455% with 24 lines in your changes are missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 55.79%. Comparing base (0436edf) to head (d9fc06c).

Files	Patch %	Lines
state/protocol/inmem/encodable.go	50.00%	12 Missing and 2 partials :warning:
state/protocol/inmem/snapshot.go	25.00%	7 Missing and 2 partials :warning:
state/protocol/badger/validity.go	75.00%	1 Missing :warning:

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master    #5884   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   55.79%   55.79%           
=======================================
  Files        1128     1128           
  Lines       88998    89021   +23     
=======================================
+ Hits        49652    49665   +13     
- Misses      34608    34616    +8     
- Partials     4738     4740    +2     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	55.79% <45.45%> (+<0.01%)	:arrow_up:

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