chore: proptest for `canonicalize` on infix type expressions

[michaeljklein]

Description

Problem*

Resolves https://github.com/noir-lang/noir/issues/6263

Summary*

This test found the following case where instantiating with or without a call to canonicalize beforehand gives different results:

thread 'tests::arithmetic_generics::instantiate_before_or_after_canonicalize' panicked at compiler/noirc_frontend/src/tests/arithmetic_generics.rs:184:1:
Test failed: assertion failed: matches!(infix, Type :: Constant(..)) at compiler/noirc_frontend/src/tests/arithmetic_generics.rs:202.
minimal failing input: infix_type_bindings = (
    (((0: numeric u1) * Numeric(Shared(RefCell { value: Unbound('0, Numeric(u1)) }): u1)) / (Numeric(Shared(RefCell { value: Unbound('0, Numeric(u1)) }): u1) % Numeric(Shared(RefCell { value: Unbound('0, Numeric(u1)) }): u1))),
    u1,
    [
        (
            '0,
            (0: numeric u1),
        ),
    ],
)

Other failing cases:

Test failed: assertion failed: matches!(infix, Type :: Constant(..)) at compiler/noirc_frontend/src/tests/arithmetic_generics.rs:209.
minimal failing input: infix_type_bindings = (
    (Numeric(Shared(RefCell { value: Unbound('0, Numeric(Field)) }): Field) - Numeric(Shared(RefCell { value: Unbound('0, Numeric(Field)) }): Field)),
    Field,
    [
        (
            '0,
            (4823496818409495870346222387225912109731308268627179654751344972009805969137: numeric Field),
        ),
    ],
)

Test failed: assertion failed: matches!(infix, Type :: Constant(..)) at compiler/noirc_frontend/src/tests/arithmetic_generics.rs:209.
minimal failing input: infix_type_bindings = (
    (Numeric(Shared(RefCell { value: Unbound('0, Numeric(u64)) }): u64) + (Numeric(Shared(RefCell { value: Unbound('0, Numeric(u64)) }): u64) + (7125011455366710072: numeric u64))),
    u64,
    [
        (
            '0,
            (0: numeric u64),
        ),
        (
            '1,
            (5504595553084717865: numeric u64),
        ),
        (
            '2,
            (6040525908041204353: numeric u64),
        ),
        (
            '3,
            (5583016661666702983: numeric u64),
        ),
        (
            '4,
            (15706909516301894993: numeric u64),
        ),
    ],
)

Additional Context

Documentation*

Check one:

• [ ] No documentation needed.
• [ ] Documentation included in this PR.
• [ ] [For Experimental Features] Documentation to be submitted in a separate PR.

PR Checklist*

• [ ] I have tested the changes locally.
• [ ] I have formatted the changes with Prettier and/or cargo fmt on default settings.